{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:29:48Z","timestamp":1792009788062,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Primary endobronchial actinomycosis is exceptionally uncommon and can be misdiagnosed as unresolving pneumonia, endobronchial lipoma, bronchogenic carcinoma or foreign body. Predisposing factors are immunosuppressive conditions, chronic lung diseases, poor oral hygiene or foreign body aspiration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We reported a case of 88-year old woman with a 4 days history of mild exertional dyspnea, productive cough with purulent sputum and fever up to 37.8\u2009\u00b0C, who developed left sided endobronchial actinomycosis in absence of any pre-existent risk conditions; endobronchial de-obstruction and specific antibiotic treatment were performed with success, achieving a full resolution of the disease, with bronchoscopy playing a key role in the diagnosticand therapeutic pathways.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case raises the necessity for increased awareness in the management of endobronchial lesions and in cases of suspected endobronchial actinomycosis; bronchoscopy plays a key role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process; prompt recognition of this entity can expedite proper treatment and recovery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06126-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T09:03:07Z","timestamp":1620464587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A case of endobronchial actinomycosis as a challenging cause of lung atelectasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Golfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Mastriforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Guidelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Scala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089103","volume":"21","author":"GF Mabeza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mabeza GF, Macfarlane J. Pulmonary actinomycosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(3):545\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00089103.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-216","volume":"13","author":"SR Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim SR, Jung LY, Oh IJ, Kim YC, Shin KC, Lee MK, et al. Pulmonary actinomycosis during the first decade of 21st century: cases of 94 patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-216.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6126_CR3","first-page":"183","volume":"7","author":"F Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour F, S\u00e9n\u00e9chal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, et al. Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. 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J Inter Med. 2000;15(3):240\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2000.15.3.240.","journal-title":"J Inter Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6126_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4065\/84.2.123","volume":"84","author":"A Andreani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andreani A, Cavazza A, Marchioni A, Richeldi L, Paci M, Rossi G. Bronchopulmonary actinomycosis associated with hiatal hernia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(2):123\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/84.2.123.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"6126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.168106","volume":"32","author":"U Kalai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalai U, Hadda V, Madan K, Arava S, Ali F, Jain N, et al. A 35-year old woman with productive cough and breathlessness. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"433"}}