{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1785017321471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic since March 11th, 2020. Despite emerging reports and literature covering a broad spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations, facets of COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. To the authors\u2019 concern, sinus bradycardia as a manifestation of COVID-19-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has never been reported before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this paper, we report a case of a 59-year-old male patient with confirmed COVID-19 initially presented with presyncope. Further investigations reveal sinus bradycardia related to COVID-19-induced SIADH. This case highlights the possibility of immuno-neuroendocrino-cardiovascular crosstalk resulting in an atypical manifestation of COVID-19: near syncope due to sinus bradycardia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Another possible cause of sinus bradycardia in COVID-19 is electrolyte imbalance due to COVID-19-related SIADH.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T20:02:47Z","timestamp":1621627367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Symptomatic sinus bradycardia due to electrolyte imbalances in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) related covid-19: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4914-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzakkir","family":"Amir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andi","family":"Renata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levina Tri","family":"Ratana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6143_CR1","volume-title":"Report of the WHO-China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. Report of the WHO-China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). http:\/\/who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf; 2020."},{"key":"6143_CR2","volume-title":"COVID-19 coronavirus","author":"Worldometer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Worldometer. COVID-19 coronavirus. www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/; 2020."},{"key":"6143_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.013","volume":"66","author":"S Behzad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behzad S, Aghaghazvini L, Radmard AR, Gholamrezanezhad A. Extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19: radiologic and clinical overview. Clin Imaging. 2020;66:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.013.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"6143_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04431007","volume":"3","author":"G Decaux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Decaux G, Musch W. Clinical laboratory evaluation of the syndrome inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clin J Am Nephrol. 2008;3(4):1175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.04431007.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6143_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E882","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00178.2020","volume":"318","author":"Z Yousaf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousaf Z, Al-Shokri D, Al-Soub H, Mohamed FH. COVID-19-associated SIADH: a clue in the times of pandemic. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(6):E882\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00178.2020.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6143_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Habib MB, Sardar S, Sajid J. Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19. IDCases. 2020;21:e00859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00859.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00859"},{"issue":"2","key":"6143_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.789081","volume":"2","author":"AO Grant","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grant AO. Basic science for the clinical Electrophysiologist: cardiac ion channels. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(2):185\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.789081.","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"6143_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amaratunga EA, Corwin DS, Moran L, Snyder R. Bradycardia in patients with COVID-19: a calm before the storm? Cureus. Cureus, Inc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.8599.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8599"},{"key":"6143_CR9","volume":"8","author":"E Tantisattamo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tantisattamo E, Reddy UG, Duong DK, Ferrey AJ, Ichii H, Dafoe DC, et al. Hyponatremia: a possible immuno-neuroendocrine interface with COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2020;8:e13355.","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6143_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.15386\/cjmed-846","volume":"91","author":"T Karabag","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karabag T, Kalayci B, Sayin MR, Erten T. Atrioventricular conduction defect associated with severe hyponatremia. Med Pharmacy Rep Clujul Medical. 2018;91(3):342\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15386\/cjmed-846.","journal-title":"Med Pharmacy Rep Clujul Medical"},{"issue":"2","key":"6143_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960140214","volume":"14","author":"M Mouallem","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mouallem M, Friedman E, Shemesh Y, Mayan H, Pauzner R, Farfel Z. Cardiac conduction defect associated with hyponatremia. Clin Cardiol. 1991;14(2):165\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.4960140214.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"6143_CR12","first-page":"277","volume":"15","author":"W Trautwein","year":"1963","unstructured":"Trautwein W. Generation and conduction of impulses in the heart as affected by drugs. Pharmacol Rev. 1963;15:277\u2013332.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"6143_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141452","volume":"10","author":"T Nikolaidou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nikolaidou T, Cai XJ, Stephenson RS, Yanni J, Lowe T, Atkinson AJ, et al. Congestive heart failure leads to prolongation of the PR interval and atrioventricular junction enlargement and ion channel remodeling in the rabbit. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0141452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141452.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"6143_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.233767","volume":"83","author":"S Ramanathan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramanathan S, McMeniman J, Cabela R, Holmes-Walker DJ, Fung VS. SIADH and dysautonomia as the initial presentation of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83(3):344\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2010.233767.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6143_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v10i2.7354","volume":"38","author":"A Nabin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nabin A, Thapa LJ, Paudel R, Rana PVS. Acute intermittent porphyria with SIADH and fluctuating dysautonomia. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2012;38(2):96\u20139.","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J"},{"key":"6143_CR16","volume":"141","author":"JK Hodax","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hodax JK, Bialo SR, Yalcindag A. SIADH in systemic JIA resolving after treatment with an IL-6 inhibitor. Am Acad Pediatr. 2018;141:e20164174.","journal-title":"Am Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"6143_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01301-w","volume":"43","author":"A Berni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berni A, Malandrino D, Parenti G, Maggi M, Poggesi L, Peri A. Hyponatremia, IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: may all fit together? J Endocrinol Investig. 2020;43(8):1137\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01301-w.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T20:03:07Z","timestamp":1621627387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06143-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this case report, and the patient gave his written consent to participate in this case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All of the authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"465"}}