{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:43:56Z","timestamp":1784097836257,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated for change in blood stream infections (BSI) with Enterobacterales, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> during the first UK wave of SARS-CoV-2 across five London hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective multicentre ecological analysis was undertaken evaluating all blood cultures taken from adults from 01 April 2017 to 30 April 2020 across five acute hospitals in London. Linear trend analysis and ARIMA models allowing for seasonality were used to look for significant variation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred nineteen thousand five hundred eighty-four blood cultures were included. At the height of the UK SARS-CoV-2 first wave in April 2020, Enterobacterales bacteraemias were at an historic low across two London trusts (63\/3814, 1.65%), whilst all CoNS BSI were at an historic high (173\/3814, 4.25%). This differed significantly for both Enterobacterales (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), CoNS central line associated BSIs (CLABSI) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and CoNS non-CLABSI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), when compared with prior periods, even allowing for seasonal variation. <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.631) and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.617) BSI did not vary significant throughout the study period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significantly fewer than expected Enterobacterales BSI occurred during the UK peak of the COVID-19 pandemic; identifying potential causes, including potential unintended consequences of national self-isolation public health messaging, is essential. High rates of CoNS BSI, with evidence of increased CLABSI, but also likely contamination associated with increased use of personal protective equipment, may result in inappropriate antimicrobial use and indicates a clear area for intervention during further waves.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06159-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T20:02:36Z","timestamp":1623441756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Bacteraemia variation during the COVID-19 pandemic; a multi-centre UK secondary care ecological analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Denny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Rawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Satta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdulaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeela","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke S. 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Ethics approval and individual consent was not indicated for this ecological level analysis reporting only aggregated data which was anonymised at the point of extraction. The aggregated data was analysed in accordance with the UK Secretary of State for Health and Social care notice that stipulated that patient data for COVID-19 purposed may be used for research under the Health Service Control of Patient Information Regulations (2002). Administrative permission was not required to access the raw data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LSPM has consulted for\/received speaker fees from DNAelectronics (2015\u201318), Dairy Crest (2017\u20132018), Profile Pharma (2018), Eumedica (2016\u20132021), Umovis Lab (2020\u20132021), bioMerieux (2013\u20132021), and Pfizer (2018\u20132021), and received research grants from the National Institute for Health Research (2013\u20132019), and CW+ Charity (2018\u20132021). GS is currently supported by a Clinical Academic Research Partnership awarded by the Medical Research Council. SJCP has received a research grant from the Scientific Exploration Society. NM has received speaker fees from Beyer (2016) and Pfizer (2019-2021) and received educational support from Eumedica (2016) and Baxter (2017).All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"556"}}