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Accurate identification\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      provides helpful information for successful therapy and epidemiology study; however, there are very limited data from the Vietnam have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, species distribution of yeast causing vaginal discharge and antifungal susceptibility patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal discharge samples were collected from 462 women of reproductive age in\u00a0Hanoi, Vietnam between Sep 2019 and Oct 2020. Vaginal swabs from these patients were examined by direct microscopic examination (10% KOH). CHROMagar\u2122 Candida medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.5\u2009g\/l) were used to isolate yeast, and species identification was performed using morphological tests and molecular tools (PCR and sequencing). Antifungal susceptibility testing\u00a0was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3 and M27-S4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of vaginal yeast colonization in non-pregnant women was 51.3% of 462 participants.\u00a0Nine different yeast species were identified. Among these isolates,\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (51.37%) was the most frequent, followed by\n                      <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (25.88%),\n                      <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11.37%),\n                      <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4.31%),\n                      <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (3.92%),\n                      <jats:italic>C. africana<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.57%),\n                      <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.78%),\n                      <jats:italic>C. nivariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1 isolates, 0.39%), and\n                      <jats:italic>C. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1 isolates, 0.39%), respectively. Among\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans,<\/jats:italic>\n                      all 46 isolates were 100% susceptible to micafungin, caspofungin, and miconazole. The susceptibility rates to amphotericine B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were 95.65, 91.30, 91.30, 82.61 and 86.95%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of VVC among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Vietnam was higher than many parts of the world. The high frequency of non-\n                      <jats:italic>albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, which were often more resistant to antifungal agents, was a notable feature. Resistance rates of vaginal\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates to antifungal agents was low. Our findings suggest that continued surveillance of changes in species distribution and susceptibility to antifungals should be routinely screened and treated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06192-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T14:02:23Z","timestamp":1622728943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans causing vaginal discharge among symptomatic non-pregnant women of reproductive age at a tertiary care hospital, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Do Ngoc","family":"Anh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao Nguyen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Viet","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Nhat","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Tung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Viet","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi","family":"Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Nhu","family":"Quynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Quoc","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Duy","family":"Bac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Khac","family":"Luc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Tran","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Minh","family":"Trung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4736-2","volume":"20","author":"N Ghaddar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghaddar N, Anastasiadis E, Halimeh R, Ghaddar A, Dhar R, AlFouzan W, et al. 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The inclusion criteria were non-pregnant women of reproductive age: (i) agreed to participate in the study, (ii) signed a written informed consent, didn\u2019t take antifungal drugs within 2\u2009weeks and (iii) gave informed consent were eventually included in the study. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Military Medical University under 4021\/Q\u0110-HVQY and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. A written informed consent was obtained from all eligible women before entering the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"523"}}