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This retrospective study was therefore conducted aiming to investigate the factors associated with negative pleural ADA results in the diagnosis of childhood pleural tuberculosis (TB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January 2006 and December 2019, children patients with definite or possible pleural TB were recruited for potential analysis. Then, patients were stratified into two categories: negative pleural ADA results group (experimental group, \u226440\u2009U\/L) and positive pleural ADA results group (control group, &gt;\u200940\u2009U\/L). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate risk factors for negative pleural ADA results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 84 patients with pleural TB were recruited and subsequently classified as experimental (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917) and control groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200967). Multivariate analysis (Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20091.881, df\u2009=\u20096,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.930) revealed that variables, such as chest pain (age-adjusted OR\u2009=\u20090.0510, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.583), pleural total protein (\u226445.3\u2009g\/L, age-adjusted OR\u2009=\u200927.7, 95% CI: 2.5, 307.7), pleural lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, \u2264505\u2009U\/L, age-adjusted OR\u2009=\u200959.9, 95% CI: 4.2, 857.2) and blood urea nitrogen (\u22643.2\u2009mmol\/L, age-adjusted OR\u2009=\u200932.0, 95% CI: 2.4, 426.9), were associated with negative pleural ADA results when diagnosing childhood pleural TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrated that chest pain, pleural total protein, pleural LDH, and blood urea nitrogen were associated with a negative pleural ADA result for the diagnosis of pleural TB among children. When interpreting pleural ADA levels in children with these characteristics, a careful clinical assessment is required for the pleural TB diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06209-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1621947783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Factors associated with negative pleural adenosine deaminase results in the diagnosis of childhood pleural tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xing-Fen","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-Shui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6209_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2019","author":"WHO","year":"2019","unstructured":"WHO. 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Written informed consent was waived by the Ethical Committee of Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital due to retrospective nature of the study. In addition, the data collected was anonymized before its use.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"473"}}