{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:16:37Z","timestamp":1791810997326,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. marneffei)<\/jats:italic> infection has been associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of non-HIV-infected patients with <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection in southern China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between January 2018 and September 2020, we enrolled patients with <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection who were HIV-negative (group TM, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200942), including anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody-positive (group TMP, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922) and anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody-negative (group TMN, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) patients and healthy controls (group HC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940). Anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. Clinical characteristics and clinical laboratory parameters were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody-negative patients with <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection, anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody-positive patients did not have underlying respiratory disease; more frequently exhibited dissemination of systemic infections with severe pleural effusion; had higher WBC counts, C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and neutrophil and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell counts; had lower hemoglobin levels; and were more likely to have other intracellular pathogen infections. Most of these patients had poor outcomes despite standardized antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>-infected patients with higher anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody titers have more severe disease and complex clinical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:02:16Z","timestamp":1624060936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Clinical findings of Talaromyces marneffei infection among patients with anti-interferon-\u03b3 immunodeficiency: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhao-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Tu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jie","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Ying","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Qing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1086\/380453","volume":"38","author":"R Doffinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doffinger R, Helbert MR, Barcenas-Morales G, Yang K, Dupuis S, Ceron-Gutierrez L, et al. Autoantibodies to interferon-gamma in a patient with selective susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and organ-specific autoimmunity. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(1):e10\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/380453.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"6255_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111160","volume":"367","author":"SK Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne SK, Burbelo PD, Chetchotisakd P, Suputtamongkol Y, Kiertiburanakul S, Shaw PA, et al. Adult-onset immunodeficiency in Thailand and Taiwan. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(8):725\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1111160.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6255_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ995","volume":"62","author":"YL Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie YL, Rosen LB, Sereti I, Barber DL, Chen RY, Hsu DC, et al. Severe paradoxical reaction during treatment of disseminated tuberculosis in a patient with neutralizing anti-IFNgamma autoantibodies. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(6):770\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ995.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6255_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz131","volume":"6","author":"A Yerramilli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yerramilli A, Huang G, Griffin D, et al. Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Associated With Acquired Immunodeficiency Due to Anti-Interferon gamma Autoantibodies. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6:ofz131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz131.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"6255_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01203-4","volume":"4","author":"E van de Vosse","year":"2004","unstructured":"van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH. Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(12):739\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01203-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6255_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1065","volume":"103","author":"C H\u00f6flich","year":"2004","unstructured":"H\u00f6flich C, Sabat R, Rosseau S, et al. Naturally occurring anti\u2013IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody and severe infections with Mycobacterium cheloneae and Burkholderia cocovenenans. Blood. 2004;103(2):673\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1065.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"6255_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00053-10","volume":"17","author":"BSF Tang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tang BSF, Chan JFW, Chen M, Tsang OTY, Mok MY, Lai RWM, et al. Disseminated Penicilliosis, recurrent Bacteremic Nontyphoidal salmonellosis, and Burkholderiosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency due to autoantibody against gamma interferon. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(7):1132\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00053-10.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6255_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076371","volume":"8","author":"P Wongkulab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wongkulab P, Wipasa J, Chaiwarith R, Supparatpinyo K. Autoantibody to interferon-gamma associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency in non-HIV individuals in northern Thailand. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e76371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0076371.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"6255_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176342","volume":"12","author":"P Phoompoung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phoompoung P, Ankasekwinai N, Pithukpakorn M, Foongladda S, Umrod P, Suktitipat B, et al. Factors associated with acquired anti IFN- \u03b3 autoantibody in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0176342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176342.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"6255_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215581","volume":"14","author":"N Angkasekwinai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angkasekwinai N, Suputtamongkol Y, Phoompoung P, Pithukpakorn M, Wongswat E, Umrod P, et al. Clinical outcome and laboratory markers for predicting disease activity in patients with disseminated opportunistic infections associated with anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0215581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215581.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6255_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofz208","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz208","volume":"6","author":"W Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng W, Qiu Y, Tang S, Zhang J, Pan M, Zhong X. Characterization of Anti-Interferon-gamma Antibodies in HIV-Negative Patients Infected With Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei and Cryptococcosis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6:ofz208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz208.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"6255_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190502","volume":"217","author":"J Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo J, Ning XQ, Ding JY, Zheng YQ, Shi NN, Wu FY, et al. Anti-IFN-gamma autoantibodies underlie disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infections. J Exp Med. 2020;217:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20190502.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-012-0119-5","volume":"7","author":"M Chitasombat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chitasombat M, Supparatpinyo K. Penicillium marneffei infection in Immunocompromised host. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2013;7(1):44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12281-012-0119-5.","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.95-110.2006","volume":"19","author":"N Vanittanakom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vanittanakom N, Cooper CJ, Fisher MC, Sirisanthana T. Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):95\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.19.1.95-110.2006.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"6255_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-11-973","volume":"48","author":"S Wong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wong S, Siau H, Yuen KY. Penicilliosis marneffei--west meets east. J Med Microbiol. 1999;48(11):973\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00222615-48-11-973.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.18","volume":"5","author":"JF Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan JF, Lau SK, Yuen KY, Woo PC. Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection in non-HIV-infected patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016;5(1):e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emi.2016.18.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"6255_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"JE Kaplan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1\u2013207 quiz CE1\u20134. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/rr5804a1.htm.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"6255_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128481","volume":"10","author":"M Pithukpakorn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pithukpakorn M, Roothumnong E, Angkasekwinai N, Suktitipat B, Assawamakin A, Luangwedchakarn V, et al. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 are associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency with acquired anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0128481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0128481.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6255_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.018","volume":"137","author":"CL Ku","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ku CL, Lin CH, Chang SW, et al. Anti-IFN-gamma autoantibodies are strongly associated with HLA-DR*15:02\/16:02 and HLA-DQ*05:01\/05:02 across Southeast Asia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137:945\u20138.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.018.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6255_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir754","volume":"54","author":"PP Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee PP, Chan KW, Lee TL, et al. Penicilliosis in children without HIV infection--are they immunodeficient? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(2):e8\u2013e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir754.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"6255_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600279","volume":"196","author":"DN O'Dwyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"O'Dwyer DN, Dickson RP, Moore BB. The lung microbiome, immunity, and the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. J Immunol. 2016;196(12):4839\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1600279.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9944","key":"6255_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61136-3","volume":"384","author":"RP Dickson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dickson RP, Martinez FJ, Huffnagle GB. The role of the microbiome in exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. Lancet. 2014;384(9944):691\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61136-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4376-6","volume":"19","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Zeng W, Zhang H, Zhong X, Tang S, Zhang J. Comparison of pleural effusion features and biomarkers between talaromycosis and tuberculosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4376-6.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6255_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000347112","volume":"226","author":"JF Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan JF, Trendell-Smith NJ, Chan JC, et al. Reactive and infective dermatoses associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody: Sweet's syndrome and beyond. Dermatology. 2013;226(2):157\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000347112.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6255_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215581","volume":"14","author":"N Angkasekwinai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angkasekwinai N, Suputtamongkol Y, Phoompoung P, Pithukpakorn M, Wongswat E, Umrod P, et al. Clinical outcome and laboratory markers for predicting disease activity in patients with disseminated opportunistic infections associated with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0215581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215581.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"6255_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2015.05.012","volume":"55","author":"R Yamaguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamaguchi R, Kawata J, Yamamoto T, Ishimaru Y, Sakamoto A, Ono T, et al. Mechanism of interferon-gamma production by monocytes stimulated with myeloperoxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2015;55(2):127\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcmd.2015.05.012.","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6255_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.95","volume":"9","author":"S Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai S, Batra S, Langohr I, Iwakura Y, Jeyaseelan S. IFN-gamma induction by neutrophil-derived IL-17A homodimer augments pulmonary antibacterial defense. Mucosal Immunol. 2016;9(3):718\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mi.2015.95.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6255_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847491","volume":"48","author":"G Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang G, Lin A, Han Q, Zhao H, Tian Z, Zhang J. IFN-gamma protects from apoptotic neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during acute listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol. 2018;48(9):1470\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201847491.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2018-0007","volume":"9","author":"G Kak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kak G, Raza M, Tiwari BK. Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3): exploring its implications in infectious diseases. Biomolecular Concepts. 2018;9(1):64\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmc-2018-0007.","journal-title":"Biomolecular Concepts"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700001","volume":"126","author":"MH Andersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andersen MH, Schrama D, Thor SP, Becker JC. Cytotoxic T cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(1):32\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jid.5700001.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6255_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw351","volume":"63","author":"EH Tham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tham EH, Huang CH, Soh JY, Thayalasingam M, Lee AJ, Lum LHW, et al. Neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody levels may not correlate with clinical course of disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):572\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw351.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"52","key":"6255_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9072","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009072","volume":"96","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang J, Huang X, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Liao K, Ma J, et al. Coinfection of disseminated Talaromyces marneffei and mycobacteria kansasii in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(52):e9072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000009072.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"6255_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S218836","volume":"12","author":"SS Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su SS, Zhang SN, Ye JR, Xu LN, Lin PC, Xu HY, et al. Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei and Mycobacterium avium infection accompanied Sweet's syndrome in a patient with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: a case report. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:3189\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S218836.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"9","key":"6255_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4158","volume":"22","author":"CH Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin CH, Chi CY, Shih HP, Ding JY, Lo CC, Wang SY, et al. Identification of a major epitope by anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies in patients with mycobacterial disease. Nat Med. 2016;22(9):994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4158.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6255_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6473629","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6473629","volume":"2018","author":"P Chetchotisakd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S, Nanagara R, Nithichanon A, Lertmemongkolchai G. Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for anti-IFN-gamma autoantibody-associated Mycobacterium abscessus infection. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:6473629\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/6473629.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"6255_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaa035","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa035","volume":"7","author":"W Laisuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laisuan W, Pisitkun P, Ngamjanyaporn P, Suangtamai T, Rotjanapan P. Prospective Pilot Study of Cyclophosphamide as an Adjunct Treatment in Patients With Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Associated With Anti-interferon-gamma Autoantibodies. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa035.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"6255_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-395707","volume":"119","author":"SK Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne SK, Zaman R, Sampaio EP, Jutivorakool K, Rosen LB, Ding L, et al. Anti-CD20 (rituximab) therapy for anti-IFN-gamma autoantibody-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Blood. 2012;119(17):3933\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2011-12-395707.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"6255_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz786","volume":"71","author":"GH Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong GH, Ortega-Villa AM, Hunsberger S, Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S, Mootsikapun P, et al. Natural history and evolution of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency syndrome in Thailand and the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(1):53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz786.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:02:37Z","timestamp":1624060957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06255-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (reference number 2019026). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All included subjects and legally authorized representative\/next of kin of all deceased participants gave their oral and written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"587"}}