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Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides vulgatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , discriminating between these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria, including\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. vulgatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , at the genus and species levels\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Consequently,\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. However, there are no reports on invasive infectious diseases caused by\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This report describes the first case of direct invasion and colonisation of human tissue by\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , thus providing a warning regarding the previously proposed application of\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a live biotherapeutic for atherosclerotic diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 78-year-old Japanese man complained of intermittent chest\/back pain and was diagnosed with a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by enhanced computed tomography on admission. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient\u2019s condition worsened. To prevent aneurysmal rupture and eliminate infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>B. vulgatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibacterial therapy and after improvement, was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation on postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of infection or aneurysm after the patient transfer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06345-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T08:03:23Z","timestamp":1625040203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First case of an invasive Bacteroides dorei infection detected in a patient with a mycotic aortic aneurysm\u2014raising a rebellion of major indigenous bacteria in humans: a case report and review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadanori","family":"Minagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakiko","family":"Hiranuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risako","family":"Kakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"6345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64257-0","volume":"56","author":"MA Bakir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bakir MA, Sakamoto M, Kitahara M, Matsumoto M, Benno Y. 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This study was approved by the institutional review board of the Independent Ethics Committee of the Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital (reference number: 2018\u20132-105).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"625"}}