{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:57:29Z","timestamp":1765486649755},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The progress of diagnostic strategies and molecular methods improved the detection of<jats:italic>Kingella kingae<\/jats:italic>in bone and joint infections, and now,<jats:italic>Kingella kingae<\/jats:italic>is being increasingly recognized as the most frequent cause of bone and joint infection BJI in early childhood. The main objective of this prospective study is to report the frequency of<jats:italic>Kingella Kingae<\/jats:italic>in negative culture bone and joint pediatric infections, and to describe the clinical and biologic features of these children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From December 2016 to June 2019, we selected all hospitalized patients with suspected BJI. When culture was negative on the fifth day, children under 10\u2009years were subsequently included in the study, and PCR assay was performed systematically for researching<jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic>specific gene<jats:italic>cpn60<\/jats:italic>. Microbial culture and identification were made using standard bacteriological methods. The demographics, clinical, laboratory, radiographic and clinical features were reviewed from medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 65 children with culture negative BJI, 46 of them having under 10\u2009years old have been screened for the<jats:italic>cpn60<\/jats:italic>gene. Thus, the gene encoding<jats:italic>Kingella kingae<\/jats:italic>was positive for 27 BJI cases (58.7%). The mean age of children was 3.02\u2009years, 55.6% were aged 6\u2009months-4\u2009years and 29.6% of them were aged 5\u201310\u2009years. The male to female ratio was 1.7 and 16 cases (59.26%) occurred during the fall-winter period. The most frequent BJI type was septic arthritis (77.8%) and the most affected sites were knee (51.9%) and hip (37.0%). We recorded a mild clinical picture with normal to mildly raised inflammatory markers. All patients had good clinical and functional outcomes, with no serious orthopedic sequelae..<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>K kingae<\/jats:italic>is an important pathogen of culture-negative BJI in Moroccan children. PCR testing should be performed in culture-negative cases of children not only in the typical age range of 6\u2009months to 4\u2009years. When implemented in the routine clinical microbiology laboratory, a specific<jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic>PCR assay can provide a better diagnostic performance of BJI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06361-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T15:29:38Z","timestamp":1626794978000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["First report of Kingella kingae diagnosed in pediatric bone and joint infections in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kaoutar","family":"Moutaouakkil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Oumokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hicham","family":"Abdellaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"El Fakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Btissam","family":"Arhoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Atarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moulay Abderrahmane","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47707-0","volume":"58","author":"A Cherkaoui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cherkaoui A, Ceroni D, Emonet S, Lefevre Y, Schrenzel J. Molecular diagnosis of Kingella kingae osteoarticular infections by specific real-time PCR assay. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58(1):65\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.47707-0.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6361_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1867","volume":"127","author":"P Yagupsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yagupsky P, Porsch E, St Geme JW. Kingella kingae: an emerging pathogen in young children. PEDIATRICS. 2011;127(3):557\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-1867.","journal-title":"PEDIATRICS."},{"issue":"1","key":"6361_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0810","volume":"131","author":"D Ceroni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ceroni D, Dubois-Ferriere V, Cherkaoui A, Gesuele R, Combescure C, Lamah L, et al. Detection of Kingella kingae Osteoarticular infections in children by oropharyngeal swab PCR. 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Written information about the nature of the experimental procedures was given to the parents of the patients, who provided the informed consent for participation of their children. All protocol was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations\/Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"697"}}