{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:36:52Z","timestamp":1777617412734,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010270","name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.SF-2018-2-1081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.SF-2018-2-1081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital Key Medical Development Plan","award":["trzdyxzy201801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["trzdyxzy201801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The objective of this study is to report a case of acute retinal necrosis in which abnormalities in visual function did not correspond to retinal anatomical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 39-year-old female diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis underwent repeated (nine rounds) intravitreal ganciclovir injection (3\u2009mg\/0.1\u2009ml) into the left eye, one injection every 2 weeks. During the therapy, the patient noticed her visual acuity declining gradually. The best corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 20\/33. The visual field showed massive visual damage. There was no posterior necrotizing involvement, no macular edema or exudation, and only slight abnormity of the interdigitation zone in the fovea area was visible on OCT. Angio-OCT revealed normal capillary density of three retinal capillary and choriocapillaris layers. The visually evoked potential was normal. The photopic single-flash response showed a declined amplitude of a-wave and b-wave. The amplitudes of photopic 30\u2009Hz flicker were decreased. Multifocal electroretinography revealed macular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ganciclovir-associated photoreceptor damage may induce abnormalities in retinal function in response to multiple continuous intravitreal ganciclovir injections at a relatively high dosage (3\u2009mg\/0.1\u2009ml).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06365-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T03:10:35Z","timestamp":1626059435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Does ganciclovir exert retinal toxicity after multiple continuous intravitreal injections?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.11.007","volume":"124","author":"SD Schoenberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Thorne JE, Mruthyunjaya P, Yeh S, Bakri SJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis: a report by the American Academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(3):382\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.11.007.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210501500512","volume":"15","author":"JF Arevalo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arevalo JF, Garcia RA, Mendoza AJ. High-dose (5000-microg) intravitreal ganciclovir combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients in Venezuela. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005;15(5):610\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/112067210501500512.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414030-00010","volume":"14","author":"BR Saran","year":"1994","unstructured":"Saran BR, Maguire AM. Retinal toxicity of high dose intravitreal ganciclovir. Retina. 1994;14(3):248\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-199414030-00010.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s10949","volume":"4","author":"P Choopong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choopong P, Tesavibul N, Rodanant N. Crystallization after intravitreal ganciclovir injection. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:709\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.s10949.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310210","volume":"102","author":"A Invernizzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Invernizzi A, Agarwal AK, Ravera V, Mapelli C, Riva A, Staurenghi G, et al. Comparing optical coherence tomography findings in different aetiologies of infectious necrotising retinitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(4):433\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310210.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.004","volume":"119","author":"SC Teoh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teoh SC, Ou X, Lim TH. Intravitreal ganciclovir maintenance injection for cytomegalovirus retinitis: efficacy of a low-volume, intermediate-dose regimen. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):588\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.004.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00785-6","volume":"131","author":"G Velez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Velez G, Roy CE, Whitcup SM, Chan CC, Robinson MR. High-dose intravitreal ganciclovir and foscarnet for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131(3):396\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00785-6.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1490-6","volume":"16","author":"P Choopong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choopong P, Vivittaworn K, Konlakij D, Thoongsuwan S, Pituksung A, Tesavibul N. Treatment outcomes of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1490-6.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6365_CR9","first-page":"3054758","volume":"2019","author":"BJ Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun BJ, Peng RM, Lu Q, et al. Retinal and corneal toxicity and pharmacokinetic analysis of intraocular injection of ganciclovir in rabbit eyes. 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