{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:40:35Z","timestamp":1787740835914,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009579","name":"Sichuan Provincial Health Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["100374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moistening of surgical instruments affects the quality of instrument cleaning, thereby affecting the degree of cross-contamination and in-hospital infection among patients. Surgical instruments should be kept moist immediately after use in order to avoid concentrations of contamination remaining on surgical instrument surfaces. Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening have been rarely studied. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate surgical instrument moistening procedures within 22 clinical departments of the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University over 122\u00a0days between September and December 2019. We collected data from departmental staff using an interviewer-administrated questionnaire. Data about implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening was analyzed in SPSS20.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening were 57.25% and 31.98%, respectively. Factor analysis showed that implementation rates of moistening were affected by instrument structure (X\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u2009143.670;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), the number of instruments inside the pack (X\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u2009140.135;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and the person responsible for keeping surgical instruments moist (X\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20098.052;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Correlation analysis showed that instrument structure and the number of instruments inside the pack were negatively correlated with implementation rates of moistening. The more complex the structure and the greater the number of the instruments inside the pack, the lower implementation rates of moistening.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening were low, and failed to meet the central sterile supply department applicable industrial standard, hence the potential risk of hospital-acquired infection was considerable. Staff that manipulate reusable surgical instruments should be trained to properly moisten the instruments and institutional protocols should be established to ensure standardization and respect of guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T04:04:13Z","timestamp":1628049853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Factors affecting implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yongdeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangying","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6471_CR1","first-page":"798","volume":"33","author":"J Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou J, Cui Z. Comparison of cleaning quality and efficiency among three instrument pre-cleaning methods. Chin J Disinfect. 2016;33(8):798\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Disinfect"},{"key":"6471_CR2","volume-title":"On-the-job training in hospital central sterile supply department","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liang M. On-the-job training in hospital central sterile supply department. Beijing: People\u2019s Military Medical Press; 2013."},{"key":"6471_CR3","unstructured":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)\u2019s directive (transl.)\u2014part 2: standard for operating procedure of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization (WS 310.2-2016); 2016. http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/ewebeditor\/uploadfile\/2017\/01\/20170105090606684.pdf. Accessed 27 Nov 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"6471_CR4","first-page":"576","volume":"34","author":"Y Yao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yao Y, Yu Z, Peng S, Zheng X, Wei H, Wang Y. Observation of cleaning effect of keeping surgical instruments moist overnight. Chin J Disinfect. 2017;34(6):576\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin J Disinfect"},{"key":"6471_CR5","unstructured":"Koch R. The 80\/20 principle. Trans Li H. Beijing: Haichao Press; 2001. pp. 3\u201316."},{"key":"6471_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nancy Chobin RN, AAS, ACSP, CSPM, CFER. Surgical instrument decontamination: a multistep process. AORN J. 2019;110(3):253\u201362.","DOI":"10.1002\/aorn.12784"},{"issue":"3","key":"6471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.08.024","volume":"48","author":"SS Evangelista","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evangelista SS, Guimaraes NR, Garcia NB, Santos SG, Oliveria AC. Effectiveness of manual versus automated cleaning on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm removal from the surface of surgical instruments. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(3):267\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"6471_CR8","unstructured":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Just how fast can bacteria grow? It depends. Proteomics data validate model of bacteria growth. https:\/\/www.pnnl.gov\/science\/highlights\/highlight.asp?id=879. Accessed 1 May 2019."},{"key":"6471_CR9","unstructured":"Guideline for cleaning and care of surgical instruments. In: Guidelines for perioperative practice. Denver, CO: AORN, Inc; 2019. pp. 401\u2013440."},{"issue":"4","key":"6471_CR10","first-page":"405","volume":"32","author":"S Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li S, Yang J. Effect of two methods of keeping instruments moist for uterine cavity tissue suction tube cleaning. Chin J Disinfect. 2015;32(4):405\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin J Disinfect"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T04:05:59Z","timestamp":1628049959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06471-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-144437\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University (No.: YXKY2020LSP(171)). Verbal consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants. The Medical Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University reviewed and approved the research proposal and procedure of verbal consent of this study, and felt that it was not necessary to obtain written consent from participants. All data collected were confidential and used only by this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"752"}}