{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T10:32:22Z","timestamp":1763807542923},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Identifying and prioritizing at-risk populations is critical for pediatric tuberculosis control. We aimed to identify a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening strategy that is appropriate for the Chinese context among children with different TB exposure levels and to explore its clinical importance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During 2013\u20132015, we enrolled hospitalized children with suspected respiratory infectious disease (RID) for LTBI screening using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-\u03b3 release assay (IGRA) T-SPOT.TB as part of a work up for their RID. Participants with confirmed diagnosis were classified into three subgroups according to level of exposure to TB: no reported contact risk, with household contact risk, and with non-household contact risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total 6202 children (median age: 4.76\u00a0years; interquartile range: 1.0\u20138.0\u00a0years) were enrolled. Children with no reported contact risk had the lowest proportions of positive results for the IGRA (0.7%) and TST (3.3%). The proportion of positive results for each test was higher for household contacts than non-household contacts. The TST positive proportion was much higher than that for the IGRA in all three groups. Children with IGRA+\/TST+ results had larger indurations than those with IGRA\u2212\u2009\/TST+ \u2009results (15\u00a0mm vs. 13\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). For IGRA, older age (&gt;\u20095\u00a0years) and non-household or household contact risk were associated with a positive result.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Positive IGRA results in children with a contact risk can serve as a critical reference for LTBI management. IGRA can be used, in preference to TST, for Chinese children with a TB exposure risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06480-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1628866993000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tuberculosis infection screening in children with close contact: a hospital-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieqiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xirong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yacui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6480_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):348\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1008049.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6480_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1159OC","volume":"190","author":"R Sloot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sloot R, van der Loeff MF, Kouw PM, Borgdorff MW. Risk of tuberculosis after recent exposure. A 10-year follow-up study of contacts in Amsterdam. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(9):1044\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201406-1159OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"6480_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx025","volume":"185","author":"L Martinez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinez L, Shen Y, Mupere E, Kizza A, Hill PC, Whalen CC. Transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in households and the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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All the data were collected retrospectively and anonymized in a standardized case report form in the hospital database. All participants were provided with written information about the study.\u00a0Written informed consent of all study participants from their parents\/guardians were obtained and documented in accordance with the Institutional policy.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"815"}}