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Pyopneumothorax is a serious complication of lower respiratory tract infections that very rarely can be caused by a trichomonad species in predisposed individuals. We report a rare case of pleurisy due to <jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic> with coinfection by a fungus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We describe a 16-year-old patient with cerebral palsy who presented with severe pyopneumothorax. <jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic> was identified by microscopic examination of the pleural effusion and next-generation sequencing. We also identified <jats:italic>Geotrichum capitatum<\/jats:italic> in the pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures. Treatment with voriconazole and metronidazole successfully eliminated these pathogens and relieved the clinical symptoms. A literature review indicated this is the first reported case of pleurisy due to <jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic> with coinfection by a fungus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The rarity of pyopneumothorax caused by <jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic> coinfection with a fungus should not be overlooked in the clinic. These patients should be and treated in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06539-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T09:03:30Z","timestamp":1629450210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pyopneumothorax from coinfection by Trichomonas tenax and Geotrichum capitatum in a child from China: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140250125023","volume":"204","author":"F Memik","year":"1968","unstructured":"Memik F. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"842"}}