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Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial for the survival of patients with CNS infections, and should be based on the knowledge of the pathogen distribution and antibiotic sensitivities. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of pathogens in patients with CNS infections in North China and evaluate the risk factors for mortality and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted with patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in a teaching hospital from January 2012 to December 2019. The following data were collected: demographic characteristics, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial sensitivity results. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality and MDR bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 72 patients were diagnosed with CNS infections, and 86 isolates were identified. The proportions of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were 59.3, 30.2 and 10.5%, respectively. The predominant Gram-positive bacteria was Coagulase-negative\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were the predominant Gram-negative bacteria. Compared to 2012\u20132015\u00a0years, the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria increased markedly during 2016\u20132019\u00a0years. Coagulase-negative\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      had 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were 100% sensitive to tigecycline.\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      had 100% sensitivity to amikacin, meropenem and imipenem. The overall mortality rate in the 72 patients was 30.6%. In multivariate analysis, age\u2009&gt;\u200950\u00a0years, pulmonary infections and CSF glucose level\u2009&lt;\u2009the normal value were associated with poor outcomes. CSF adenosine deaminase level\u2009&gt;\u2009the normal value and the presence of external ventricular drainage\/lumbar cistern drainage were associated with MDR bacterial infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mortality rate due to CNS infections reached 30.6% in our study. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria has increased markedly in recent years. We should give particular attention to patients with risk factors for mortality and MDR bacterial infections mentioned above.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06561-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T05:02:52Z","timestamp":1629176572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Epidemiology of patients with central nervous system infections, mainly neurosurgical patients: a retrospective study from 2012 to 2019 in a teaching hospital in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinju","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.05.007","volume":"45","author":"R Giovane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giovane R, Lavender P. 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