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As the clinical manifestations of airway malacia are not common, many clinicians have insufficient understanding of this disease. So the purpose of this study is to summarize the pathogenic bacteria and clinical manifestations of airway softening complicated with pneumonia in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children hospitalized with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia were eligible for enrollment from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019. Medical records of patients were reviewed for etiology, clinical characteristics, and laboratory examination results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 164 pneumonia patients with airway malacia were admitted. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The age of patients ranged from 1\u00a0month to 4\u00a0years old. The median age was 6 (3\u201310) months. The most commonly detected pathogen were<jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(25\/164, 15.24%),<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(18\/164, 10.98%), and respiratory syncytial virus (16\/164, 9.76%). Common signs among the 164 patients with confirmed airway malacia included cough (98.78%), wheezing (67.07%), fever (35.37%), intercostal retractions (23.17%), dyspnea (10.98%), cyanosis (11.11%), and crackles (50%). Compared with those without airway malacia, the incidence of premature delivery and mechanical ventilation was higher, and the duration of symptoms before admission (median, 13.5 d) and hospital stay (median 10.0 d) were longer. Of the children with pneumonia, 11.59% of those with airway malacia required supplemental oxygen compared with 4.88% of those without airway malacia (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median age of children with airway malacia was 6\u00a0months. The most common pathogen in patients with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia was<jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Patients with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia often presented with a longer disease course, more severe symptoms, and had delayed recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06603-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T12:03:14Z","timestamp":1630670594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical characteristics of children with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongdong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4113-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.02.008","volume":"25","author":"JCJRW Fraga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fraga JCJRW, Kim PC. 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