{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:27:43Z","timestamp":1762432063375,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medicine and health Science technology development plan of Shandong Province of china","award":["2016WS0217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016WS0217"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is one of the most virulent forms of mediastinitis. The main causes of high mortality in DNM are believed to stem from difficulty and delay in the diagnosis. Fast and accurate identification of pathogens is important for the treatment of these patients. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a powerful tool to identify all kinds of pathogens, especially for rare and complex infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 64-year-old male patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with unconsciousness, dyspnea, and swelling in the mandible and neck. Computed tomography (CT) scan results combined with clinical laboratory examination indicated DNM. Vancomycin and imipenem were used, and vacuum sealing drainage was applied for debridement and drainage of the infected area. The positive mNGS results of drainage fluid confirmed the presence of mixed infection caused by <jats:italic>Streptococcus anginosus<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>, <\/jats:italic><jats:italic>Prevotella oris<\/jats:italic>, and several other anaerobes. The antibiotics were adjusted to piperacillin\/tazobactam and tinidazole according to the mNGS results and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of cultured pathogens. After 11\u00a0days of antibiotic therapy, the infection symptoms of the neck and mediastinum improved, and the patient was transferred out of the ICU on the 26<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day after negative result of drainage fluid culture.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case suggested that mNGS is a promising technology for precise and fast pathogens identification with high sensitivity, which may guide the diagnosis of infectious diseases in the future trend.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T19:02:45Z","timestamp":1630695765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detection of aerobe\u2013anaerobe mixed infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in an adult suffering from descending necrotizing mediastinitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuncheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqing","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"6624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Estera A. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Surg Gynecol Obstetr. 1983. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1079-2104(00)70121-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(00)70121-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"6624_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(00)70181-4","volume":"119","author":"RK Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman RK, Valli\u00e8res E, Verrier ED, Karmy-Jones R, Wood DE. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: an analysis of the effects of serial surgical debridement on patient mortality. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119(2):260\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5223(00)70181-4.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6624_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.05.007","volume":"70","author":"T Sarna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarna T, Sengupta T, Miloro M, Kolokythas A. Cervical Necrotizing fasciitis with descending mediastinitis: literature review and case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(6):1342\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2011.05.007.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"6624_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.08.039","volume":"62","author":"P Mihos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mihos P, Potaris K, Gakidis I, Papadakis D, Rallis G. Management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62(8):966\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2003.08.039.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6624_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(00)70121-1","volume":"89","author":"H Sakamoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakamoto H, Aoki T, Kise Y, Watanabe D, Sasaki J. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis due to odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2000;89(4):412\u20139.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6624_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.06.021","volume":"35","author":"XY Cai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cai XY, Zhang WJ, Zhang ZY, Yang C, Zhou LN, Chen ZM. Cervical infection with descending mediastinitis: a review of six cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;35(11):1021\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.06.021.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6624_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-005-0422-3","volume":"11","author":"M Scaglione","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scaglione M, Pinto A, Romano S, Giovine S, Sparano A, Romano L. Determining optimum management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis with CT; experience with 32 cases. Emerg Radiol. 2005;11(5):275\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-005-0422-3.","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6624_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00453-1","volume":"68","author":"C-H Marty-An\u00e9","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marty-An\u00e9 C-H, Berthet JP, Alric P, Pegis JD, Rouvi\u00e8re P, Mary H. Management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis: an aggressive treatment for an aggressive disease\u2014ScienceDirect. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68(1):212\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00453-1.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6624_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.07.005","volume":"26","author":"B Pa Stene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pa Stene B, Cassir N, Tankel J, Einav S, Fournier PE, Thomas P, et al. Mediastinitis in the intensive care unit patient: a narrative review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(1):26\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.07.005.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"6624_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0849-8","volume":"266","author":"I Brook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brook I. Current management of upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266(3):315\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-008-0849-8.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"6624_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mfe A, et al. Mediastinitis of odontogenic origin. A serious complication with 80 years of history. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.09.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.09.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"6624_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0539-RA","volume":"141","author":"R Schlaberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schlaberg R, Chiu CY, Miller S, Procop GW, Weinstock G, Committee PP, et al. Validation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing tests for universal pathogen detection. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141(6):776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2016-0539-RA.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"6624_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02664-15","volume":"54","author":"LF Westblade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westblade LF, Belkum AV, Grundhoff A, Weinstock GM, Pamer EG, Pallen MJ, et al. Role of clinicogenomics in infectious disease diagnostics and public health microbiology. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(7):1686\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02664-15.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"6624_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401268","volume":"370","author":"CM Seroogy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seroogy CM, Naccache SN, Somasekar S, Miller S, Biagtan M, Buckley RH, et al. Actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(25):2408\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1401268.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"S2","key":"6624_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy693","volume":"67","author":"Q Miao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao Q, Ma Y, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhang Y, Jin WT, et al. Microbiological diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing when applied to clinical practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(S2):231\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy693.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1630695817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06624-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2334"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As this manuscript is a case report of clinical care provided to a patient, and it does not include any of the patient\u2019s personal identifiers, ethics approval by the institutional review board was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient provided written informed consent for the publication of the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"905"}}