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Its mortality rate is significantly higher than that of non-rifampicin\/multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis (NRR\/MDR-TBM). This article aimed to explore risk factors related to RR\/MDR-TBM, and compare therapeutic effects of linezolid (LZD)- and non-linezolid-containing regimen for RR\/MDR-TB patients in Shenzhen city. Furthermore, we aimed to find a better therapy for pathogen-negative TBM with RR\/MDR-TBM related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study enrolling 137 hospitalized cases with confirmed TBM from June 2014 to March 2020. All patients were divided into RR\/MDR-TBM group (12 cases) and NRR\/MDR-TBM group (125 cases) based on GeneXpert MTB\/RIF and (or) phenotypic drug susceptibility test results using cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The risk factors related to RR\/MDR-TBM were investigated through comparing clinical and examination features between the two groups. The mortality rate of RR\/MDR-TBM patients treated with different regimens was analyzed to compare their respective therapeutic effects. A difference of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most patients (111\/137, 81%) were from southern or southwestern China, and a large proportion (72\/137, 52.55%) belonged to migrant workers. 12 cases were RR\/MDR-TBM (12\/137, 8.8%) while 125 cases were NRR\/MDR-TBM (125\/137, 91.2%). The proportion of patients having prior TB treatment history in the RR\/MDR-TBM group was significantly higher than that of the NRR\/MDR-TBM group (6\/12 vs. 12\/125, 50% vs. 10.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No significant difference was observed on other clinical and examination features between the two groups. Mortality was significantly lower in RR\/MDR-TBM patients on linezolid-containing treatment regimen than those who were not (0\/7 versus 3\/5, 0% versus 60%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The main related risk factor of RR\/MDR-TBM is the history of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Linezolid-containing regimen appears to lower mortality rate of RR\/MDR-TBM significantly in our study. We think Linezolid should be evaluated prospectively in the treatment of RR\/MDR-TBM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06705-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T18:04:18Z","timestamp":1632852258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Decreased mortality seen in rifampicin\/multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis treated with linezolid in Shenzhen, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mu-Tong","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Feng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ru","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Ze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Fang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hou-Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Feng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guobao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"6705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70852-7","volume":"14","author":"SS Chiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiang SS, Khan FA, Milstein MB, Tolman AW, Benedetti A, Starke JR, et al. 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