{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T22:02:23Z","timestamp":1766181743727,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Antigen testing offers rapid and inexpensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 but concerns regarding performance, especially sensitivity, remain. Limited data exists for use of antigen testing in asymptomatic patients; thus, performance and reliability of antigen testing remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>148 symptomatic and 144 asymptomatic adults were included. A nasal swab was collected for testing by Quidel Sofia SARS IFA (Sofia) as point of care. A nasopharyngeal swab was also collected and transported to the laboratory for testing by Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2\/Flu\/RSV RT-PCR (Cepheid).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, Sofia had good agreement with Cepheid (&gt;\u200995%) in adults, however was less sensitive. Sofia had a sensitivity of 87.8% and 33.3% for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively. Among symptomatic patients, testing\u2009&gt;\u20095\u00a0days post symptom onset resulted in lower sensitivity (82%) when compared with testing within 5\u00a0days of symptom onset (90%). Of the four Sofia false-negative results in the asymptomatic cohort, 50% went on to develop COVID-19 disease within 5\u00a0days of testing. Specificity in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts was 100%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sofia has acceptable performance in symptomatic adults when tested\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0days of symptom onset. Caution should be taken when testing patients with\u2009\u2265\u20095\u00a0days of symptoms. The combination of low prevalence and reduced sensitivity results in relatively poor performance of in asymptomatic patients. NAAT-based diagnostic assays should be considered in when antigen testing is unreliable, particularly in symptomatic patients with\u2009&gt;\u20095\u00a0days of symptom onset and asymptomatic patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06716-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T17:32:12Z","timestamp":1634578332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Performance of SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing in symptomatic and asymptomatic adults: a single-center evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Orris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanner","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Axe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Gribschaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Suyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Hoberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"6716_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468","volume":"382","author":"C Rothe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, Zimmer T, Thiel V, Janke C, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Drosten C, Vollmar P, Zwirglmaier K, Zange S, Wolfel R, Hoelscher M. 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PLoS medicine. 2020;17(9):e1003346.","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"6716_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR, Taylor J, Spicer K, Bardossy AC, Oakley LP, Tanwar S, Dyal JW, Harney J, Chisty Z, Bell JM, Methner M, Paul P, Carlson CM, McLaughlin HP, Thornburg N, Tong S, Tamin A, Tao Y, Uehara A, Harcourt J, Clark S, Brostrom-Smith C, Page LC, Kay M, Lewis J, Montgomery P, Stone ND, Clark TA, Honein MA, Duchin JS, Jernigan JA, Public H-S, King C, Team CC-I (2020) Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. The New England journal of medicine 382 (22):2081-2090.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457"},{"key":"6716_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyerowitz EA, Richterman A, Bogoch, II, Low N, Cevik M (2020) Towards an accurate and systematic characterisation of persistently asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. 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Differences in detected viral loads guide use of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection assays towards symptomatic college students and children. MedRxiv. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.01.28.21250365.","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"6716_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0504","volume":"172","author":"SA Lauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, Azman AS, Reich NG, Lessler J. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. 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This project was approved by the UPMC Quality Assurance Board and undertaken as a Quality Improvement Initiative and as such was not formally reviewed by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Informed verbal or written patient consent was waived as per the UPMC Quality Assurance Board. Patient data collected for this project were de-identified, obtained and stored securely in a REDCap database (NIH\/NCATS UL1 TR000445) via HIPAA-compliant procedures. No administrative permission was required to access raw data for the study as approved by the UPMC Quality Assurance Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Mitchell reports grants and non-financial support from Cepheid for conducting this quality improvement project; and after completion of this work, Dr. Mitchell is now employed by Cepheid.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1071"}}