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Exposure to infections such as leptospirosis, for which rodents are primary hosts, is of particular concern.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A wellness program was conducted to determine the presence of antibodies against <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> (seroprevalence) in 11 refugee community schools and centers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 433 samples were assessed for IgG and IgM antibodies against <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence was 24.7%, with 3.0% being seropositive for anti-<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgG and 21.7% for anti-<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgM. Factors significantly associated with overall <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence included: age, ethnicity, pet ownership, knowledge of disease and awareness of disease fatality. For IgM seroprevalence<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> significant risk factors included sex, ethnicity, eating habits with hands, pet ownership, the presence of rats, walking in bare feet and water recreation visits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings highlight the need for improvements in health and well-being among the refugee community through disease awareness programs and provision of healthy behavior programs, particularly in hygiene and sanitation through community engagement activities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06830-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T16:02:45Z","timestamp":1635782565000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and associated risk factors in the Malaysian refugee communities"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Izzah Ruzana","family":"Mohd Hanapi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norhidayu","family":"Sahimin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael John Banuru","family":"Maackara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aufa Shofia","family":"Annisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raisya Nur Syazmeen","family":"Abdul Mutalib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy M.","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee Ling","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siti Nursheena","family":"Mohd Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6830_CR1","unstructured":"UNHCR. 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The article has been updated.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All of the experimental protocols were in accordance with approved ethical protocols of the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) (MRECID. NO: 20201210-9589). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided informed consent and those under the age of 18 had their informed consent forms completed by their parents, guardians and\/or respective centers\/schools.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1128"}}