{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T05:25:29Z","timestamp":1782019529377,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012543","name":"shanghai science and technology development foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19140904300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19140904300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>, especially in children. Here, we present a case of musculoskeletal actinomycosis in a 5-year-old girl from China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 5-year-old girl presented with recurrent episodes of fever, pain, erythema, swelling, and festering sores on the right lower extremity, and pus was discharged from a sinus in the right foot. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested subcutaneous soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis of the right crus. A bacterial culture of pus extracted from a festering sore on the right popliteal fossa detected the growth of <jats:italic>Actinomycetes europaeus<\/jats:italic>. The patient was cured with 7 weeks of treatment with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam, followed by 6 weeks of treatment with oral amoxicillin-clavulanate with surgical debridement and drainage. There were no symptoms of recurrence during the 15-month period of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pediatric actinomycosis is a rare and challenging infectious disease. Early accurate diagnosis and optimal surgical debridement are important for the management of pediatric actinomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06890-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T08:02:52Z","timestamp":1638864172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yani","family":"Mou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-8926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6890_CR1","first-page":"183","volume":"7","author":"F Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour F, Senechal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, et al. Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:183\u201397.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"6890_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790031301","volume":"79","author":"N Sarkonen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarkonen N, K\u00f6n\u00f6nen E, Summanen P, Kanervo A, Takala A, Jousimies-Somer H. Oral colonization with Actinomyces species in infants by two years of age. J Dental Res. 2000;79(3):864\u20137.","journal-title":"J Dental Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6890_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv347","volume":"71","author":"C Steininger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steininger C, Willinger B. Resistance patterns in clinical isolates of pathogenic Actinomyces species. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compeing interests"}}],"article-number":"1220"}}