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In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW),\u00a0salmonellosis is believed to be primarily foodborne, but the relative contribution of animal reservoirs is unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 4543 serotyped isolates from animal reservoirs and 30,073 serotyped isolates from domestically acquired human cases in NSW between January 2008 and August 2019. We used a Bayesian source attribution methodology to estimate the proportion of foodborne\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections attributable to broiler chickens, layer chickens, ruminants, pigs, and an unknown or unsampled source. Additional analyses included covariates for four time periods and five levels of rurality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single serotype,\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium, accounted for 65\u201375% of included cases during 2008\u20132014 but\u2009&lt;\u200950% during 2017\u20132019. Attribution to layer chickens was highest during 2008\u20132010 (48.7%, 95% CrI 24.2\u201370.3%) but halved by 2017\u20132019 (23.1%, 95% CrI 5.7\u201338.9%) and was lower in the rural and remote populations than in the majority urban population. The proportion of cases attributed to the unsampled source was 11.3% (95% CrI 1.2%\u201322.1%) overall, but higher in rural and remote populations. The proportion of cases attributed to pork increased from approximately 20% in 2009\u20132016 to approximately 40% in 2017\u20132019, coinciding with a rise in cases due to\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ser. 4,5,12:i:-.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Layer chickens were likely the primary reservoir of domestically acquired\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections in NSW circa 2010, but attribution to the source declined contemporaneously with increased vaccination of layer flocks and tighter food safety regulations for the handling of eggs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06950-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T05:08:03Z","timestamp":1641272883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Source attribution of salmonellosis by time and geography in New South Wales, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Angus","family":"McLure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Shadbolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Desmarchelier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyn D.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6950_CR1","unstructured":"National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. 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The data on human infections were collected under the NSW Public Health Act 2010 and provided to us in a de-identified format by NSW Health. Under the Act, medical practitioners and laboratories were required to notify or report cases of Salmonella infections to NSW public health units.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}