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By designing an age and sex matched case\u2013control study, we sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in these population using serological and molecular techniques.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred and thirty-seven drug addicted individuals and 141 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Informed consent as well as a standard questionnaire were obtained from all subjects participating. Blood samples were collected from each participant and the serum was screened for anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> antibodies (IgG and IgM). PCR assay was performed using the primer pair targeting the RE and GRA6 genes of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. Then, PCR products were sequenced to determine genotype.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection based on IgG titer was 34.3% in case and 9.9% in the control groups, revealing a statistically significant difference (OR\u2009=\u20094.37; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.46\u20139.12; P\u2009=\u20090.001). After analyzing the variables studied through the questionnaire, age was the only significantly factor associated with the anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibody in case group. Considering PCR assays with RE genomic target, the prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection was 5.1% in the case and 3.5% in control groups which the difference was no statistically significant (OR\u2009=\u20091.46; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.45\u20134.73; P\u2009=\u20090.521). Subsequently, all sequenced samples were genotype #1 using the GRA6 genomic target.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure is relatively high among drug addicted individuals in Iran, and there is a need for health policymakers and researchers to establish enlightenment and prevention programs for these population at risk of infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06979-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T10:08:03Z","timestamp":1641290883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sero-molecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection among drug addicted and non-addicted individuals: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Majid","family":"Sharifzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Rezanezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavous","family":"Solhjoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kargar Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enayatollah","family":"Shadmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Shahabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Taghipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x","volume":"55","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubey JP. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations according to the Helsinki declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or, if participants were under 18, from a parent and\/or legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}