{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:04:24Z","timestamp":1772777064770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNITAID","award":["PO# 10140\u20100\u2010600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO# 10140\u20100\u2010600"]}]},{"name":"UNITAID","award":["PO# 8477\u20100\u2010600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO# 8477\u20100\u2010600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several trials of community-based HIV self-testing (HIVST) provide evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of campaign-style distribution to reach first-time testers, men and adolescents<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> However, we do not know how many remain unaware of HIVST after distribution campaigns, and who these individuals are. Here we look at factors associated with never having heard of HIVST after community-based campaign-style HIVST distribution in rural Zimbabwe between September 2016 and July 2017.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Analysis of representative population-based trial survey data collected from 7146 individuals following community-based HIVST distribution to households was conducted. Factors associated with having never heard of HIVST were determined using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for clustered design.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among survey participants, 1308 (18.3%) self-reported having never heard of HIVST. Individuals who were between 20 and 60\u00a0years old {20\u201329\u00a0years: [aOR\u2009=\u20090.74, 95% CI (0.58\u20130.95)], 30\u201339\u00a0years: [aOR\u2009=\u20090.56, 95% CI (0.42\u20130.74)], 40\u201349\u00a0years: [aOR\u2009=\u20090.50, 95% CI (0.36\u20130.68)], 50\u201359\u00a0years [aOR\u2009=\u20090.58, 95% CI (0.42\u20130.82)]}, who had attained at least ordinary level education [aOR\u2009=\u20090.51, 95% CI (0.34\u20130.76)], and who had an HIV test before [aOR\u2009=\u20090.30, 95% CI (0.25\u20130.37)] were less likely to have never heard of HIVST compared with individuals who were between 16 and 19\u00a0years old, who had a lower educational level and who had never tested for HIV before, respectively. In addition, non-household heads or household head representatives [aOR\u2009=\u20091.21, 95% CI (1.01\u20131.45)] were more likely to report never having heard of HIVST compared to household head and representatives.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Around one fifth of survey participants remain unaware of HIVST even after an intensive community-based door-to-door HIVST distribution. Of note, those least likely to have heard of self-testing were younger, less educated and less likely to have tested previously. Household heads appear to play an important role in granting or denying access to self-testing to other household members during door-to-door distribution. Differentiated distribution models are needed to ensure access to all.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> PACTR, PACTR201607001701788. Registered 29 June 2016, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/\">https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/<\/jats:ext-link> PACTR201607001701788<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07027-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:02:49Z","timestamp":1642752169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Did you hear about HIV self-testing? HIV self-testing awareness after community-based HIVST distribution in rural Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Rotsaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euphemia","family":"Sibanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hatzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"7027_CR1","unstructured":"\u201cGlobal HIV & AIDS statistics\u20142020 fact sheet | UNAIDS.\u201d [Online]. 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