{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:50:53Z","timestamp":1794009053194,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a rare but severe bacterial infection, of which a high proportion of survivors are affected by sequelae. In Denmark, IMD is a notifiable disease and data collection on sequelae information has been automated, enabling studies of sequelae due to IMD diagnosed after discharge. The aim of this study was to examine possible determinants for sequelae after IMD and to describe the distribution of sequelae by age, serogroup and clinical presentation, for all cases in Denmark from 2005\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from The National Database for Notifiable Infectious Diseases was linked to data from The Danish National Patient Register and the Civil Registration System. Logistic regression models were used to study whether age, serogroup and\/or clinical presentation were associated with sequelae. A descriptive analysis of the proportion of different types of sequelae across age groups, serogroups and clinical presentations was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 25% of IMD survivors experienced one or more sequelae. We found no significant association between sequelae and age. The five most common sequelae in decreasing order of incidence were hearing loss, epilepsy, learning disabilities, headache and visual defects\/loss of vision, with rates ranging from 8.2 to 2.8% of IMD survivors. The proportion of survivors with hearing loss and visual defects\/loss of vision was not significantly different between clinical presentations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We suggest revising IMD treatment guidelines, to include routine referral to hearing and vision tests, irrespective of clinical presentation. Furthermore, it is important to increase the awareness among parents of children who have had IMD of possible future learning disabilities to make sure that necessary measures are taken in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1644570203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Risk of sequelae after invasive meningococcal disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sidsel Skou","family":"Voss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palle","family":"Valentiner-Branth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7129_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fact sheet Meningococcal meningitis. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/meningococcal-meningitis. Accessed 27 Jan 2021."},{"issue":"16","key":"7129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.007","volume":"35","author":"R Whittaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whittaker R, Dias JG, Ramliden M, K\u00f6dm\u00f6n C, Economopoulou A, Beer N, et al. The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in EU\/EEA countries, 2004\u20132014. Vaccine. 2017;35(16):2034\u201341.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"7129_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0213-2","volume":"7","author":"KJ Olbrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olbrich KJ, M\u00fcller D, Schumacher S, Beck E, Meszaros K, Koerber F. Systematic review of invasive meningococcal disease: sequelae and quality of life impact on patients and their caregivers. Infect Dis Ther. 2018;7(4):421\u201338.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"7129_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/meningococcal\/about\/diagnosis-treatment.html. Accessed 27 Jan 2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"7129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70048-7","volume":"10","author":"K Edmond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, Sanderson C, Griffiths UK, Rudan I. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(5):317\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"7129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1237-2","volume":"28","author":"D Judge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Judge D, Nadel S, Vergnaud S, Garralda EM. Psychiatric adjustment following meningococcal disease treated on a PICU. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(5):648\u201350.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"7129_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002428","volume":"137","author":"M Howitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howitz M, Lambertsen L, Simonsen JB, Christensen JJ, M\u00f8lbak K. Morbidity, mortality and spatial distribution of meningococcal disease, 1974\u20132007. Epidemiol Infect. 2009;137(11):1631\u201340.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"7129_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.05.086","volume":"108","author":"N Hovmand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hovmand N, Lundbo LF, Kronborg G, Voss SS, Sandholdt H, Hoffmann S, et al. Recent increase in incidence of invasive serogroup W meningococcal disease. A retrospective observational study. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;108:582\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7129_CR9","unstructured":"Danish Society for Infectious Diseases. Guidelines for the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. 2018. file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/sisv\/Downloads\/akut_bakteriel_meningitis_(2018).pdf. Accessed 24 Mar 2021."},{"key":"7129_CR10","unstructured":"Statens Serum Institut. EPI-NEWS week 38\u20142015. https:\/\/en.ssi.dk\/news\/epi-news\/2015\/no-38---2015. Accessed 27 Jan 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.04.008","volume":"61","author":"M Jit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jit M. The risk of sequelae due to pneumococcal meningitis in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2010;61(2):114\u201324.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7129_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICD-10. https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/ICD10Volume2_en_2010.pdf. 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Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(9):774\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T09:03:30Z","timestamp":1644570210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07129-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We used only administrative register data for the study. According to Danish law, ethics approval is exempt for such research, and the Danish Data Protection Agency, which is a dedicated ethics and legal oversight body, thus waives ethical approval for our study of administrative register data, when no individual contact of participants is necessary and only aggregate results are included as findings. The study is therefore fully compliant with all legal and ethical requirements and there are no further processes available regarding such studies. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors have no competing interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"148"}}