{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:57:20Z","timestamp":1777111040200,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was supported by Capital Health Research and Development Projects","award":["2020-1-2181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-2181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mitochondrial myopathy caused by the long-term use of nucleos(t)ide analogue in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is mostly characterized by myasthenia and myalgia. Cases with respiratory failure as the prominent manifestation and multisystem symptoms have not been reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case report<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a case of mitochondrial myopathy associated with the long-term use of entecavir for CHB. The patient was a 54-year-old male who was treated with entecavir for 9\u00a0years. During the treatment, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was negative and liver function was normal. However, generalized fatigue, poor appetite, dysosmia and other discomforts gradually presented starting at the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> year of treatment, and respiratory failure was the prominent manifestation in the later stage of disease progression. The diagnosis was based on histopathology examination. The dysosmia, hypoxemia and digestive tract symptoms were gradually improved after withdrawal of entecavir.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mitochondrial myopathy is a rare side effect of entecavir and can be diagnosed by muscle biopsy. Although the incidence is extremely low, but the severe cases can lead to respiratory failure. We should receive adequate attention in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1645707751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Respiratory failure as the prominent manifestation of entecavir-associated mitochondrial myopathy: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aixin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9569-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"7159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-202069","volume":"67","author":"H Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu H, Wang Z, Zheng L, et al. Lamivudine\/telbivudine-associated neuromyopathy: neurogenic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA depletion. J Clin Pathol. 2014;67(11):999\u20131005.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-012-9633-3","volume":"34","author":"M Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang M, Da Y, Cai H, et al. Telbivudine myopathy in a patient with chronic hepatitis B. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012;34(3):422\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"011","key":"7159_CR3","first-page":"924","volume":"032","author":"QU Cai-Hong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai-Hong QU, Zhu JM, Zhang YF, et al. Drug induced myopathy associated with entecavir in one patient with chronic hepatitis B. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem. 2013;032(011):924\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem"},{"issue":"5","key":"7159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v9.i5.227","volume":"9","author":"B Kayaaslan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kayaaslan B, Guner R. Adverse effects of oral antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B. World J Hepatol. 2017;9(5):227\u201341.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00691.x","volume":"5","author":"GL Adani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adani GL, Baccarani U, Risaliti A, et al. Rhabdomyolysis due to lamivudine administration in a liver transplant recipient. Am J Transplant. 2005;5(3):634.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"7159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.36734","volume":"8","author":"K Yahagi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yahagi K, Ueno Y, Mano Y, et al. Rhabdomyolytic syndrome during the lamivudine therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic type B hepatitis. Liver Transpl. 2002;8(12):1198\u20139.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"9","key":"7159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162760","volume":"11","author":"T Ambang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambang T, Tan JS, Ong S, et al. Clinicopathological features of telbivudine-associated myopathy. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(9): e0162760.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"7159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002385","volume":"44","author":"S Zou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zou S, Cheng Z, Song S, et al. Telbivudine-induced myopathy incidentally detected by FDG PET\/CT imaging in a patient with history of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 2019;44(2):171\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12548","volume":"39","author":"T Fujii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujii T, Takase KI, Honda H, et al. Toxic myopathy with multiple deletions in mitochondrial DNA associated with long-term use of oral anti-viral drugs for hepatitis B: a case study. Neuropathology. 2019;39(2):162\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"001","key":"7159_CR10","first-page":"53","volume":"027","author":"X Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen X, Wu Y, Ma L, et al. Clinical analysis of telbivudine or combined with interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B complicated with peripheral neuritis. Chin J Infect Dis. 2009;027(001):53\u20135 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"7159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24118","volume":"49","author":"K Yuan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuan K, Guochun W, Huang Z, et al. Entecavir-associated myopathy: a case report and literature review. Muscle Nerve. 2014;49(4):610\u20134.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"004","key":"7159_CR12","first-page":"303","volume":"000","author":"J Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J. Entecavir causes severe myalgia: a case report. Chin Hepatol. 2014;000(004):303\u20134 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin Hepatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T13:04:16Z","timestamp":1645707856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07159-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of the case report was obtained from the patient. A copy of the consents is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"188"}}