{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:03:54Z","timestamp":1778076234220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential for yellow fever transmission such as in Asia, Europe, and North America. To mitigate this risk, surveillance of yellow fever is pivotal. We performed an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance of yellow fever suspected cases in Cameroon during 2010\u20132020 to characterize the epidemiology of yellow fever cases and define health districts at high risk.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We reviewed IgM capture ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) test results of all suspected yellow fever patients analyzed at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, the national yellow fever testing laboratory, during 2010\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 20,261 yellow fever suspected patient\u2019s samples that were tested, yellow fever IgM antibodies were detected in 360 patients representing an annual average of 33 cases\/year. A major increase in YF IgM positive cases was observed in 2015 and in 2016 followed by a decrease in cases to below pre-2015 levels. The majority of the 2015 cases occurred during the latter part of the year while those in 2016, occurred between February and May. This trend may be due to an increase in transmission that began in late 2015 and continued to early 2016 or due to two separate transmission events. In 2016, where the highest number of cases were detected, 60 health districts in the 10 regions of Cameroon were affected with the Littoral, Northwest and, Far North regions being the most affected. After 2016, the number of detected yellow fever IgM positive cases dropped.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study shows that yellow fever transmission continues to persist and seems to be occurring all over Cameroon with all 10 regions under surveillance reporting a case. Preventive measures such as mass vaccination campaigns and routine childhood immunizations are urgently needed to increase population immunity. The diagnostic limitations in our analysis highlight the need to strengthen laboratory capacity and improve case investigations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07407-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1651241204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fredy Brice Simo","family":"Nemg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngu Njei","family":"Abanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martial Gide","family":"Yonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Ouapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivis Ewang","family":"Samme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlise Dontsop","family":"Djoumetio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Claire","family":"Endegue-Zanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Demanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Njouom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monath TP, Cetron MS. Prevention of yellow fever in persons traveling to the tropics. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(10):1369\u201378. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/travel. Accessed 2 Jun 2021.","DOI":"10.1086\/340104"},{"key":"7407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaythorpe KAM, Hamlet A, Jean K, Ramos DG, Cibrelus L, Garske T, et al. The global burden of yellow fever. eLife. 2021;10.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64670"},{"key":"7407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett ADT, Higgs S. Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered. Annu Rev Entomol. 2007; 52: 209\u201329. www.annualreviews.org. Accessed 5 Jul 2021.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454"},{"key":"7407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00016-0","volume":"1","author":"TP Monath","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monath TP. Yellow fever: an update. 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This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The database used in this study was pseudonymized before being used and all precautions were taken to avoid any risk of patient identification. As this study is a programmatic (secondary) database analysis with no identifiable information, no informed consent was required. The database is approved and fully audited by Ministry of Public Health in Cameroon that oversees the activities of the National Ethics Committee in Cameroon. As such, informed consent is exempted by the National Ethics Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"418"}}