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Using logistic regressions with standard errors clustered by household, diarrhoeal cases within households were used to predict diarrhoeal outcomes in young children. Regressions were adjusted for socio-demographic, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and ecological covariates. Selection bias for households with (1632\/3421) and without (1789\/3421) young children was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diarrhoeal prevalence was 13.7% (2118\/16,025) across all study participants and 18.5% (439\/2368) in young children. Young children in households with any other diarrhoeal cases were 5.71 times more likely to have diarrhoea than young children in households without any other diarrhoeal cases (95% CI: 4.48\u20137.26), increasing to over 29 times more likely when the other diarrhoeal case was in another young child (95% CI: 16.29\u201354.80). Diarrhoeal cases in older household members (aged\u2009\u2265\u20095 years) and their influence on the likelihood of diarrhoea in young children attenuated with age. School-aged children (5\u201314 years) had a greater influence on diarrhoeal cases in young children (Odds Ratio 2.70, 95% CI: 2.03\u20133.56) than adults of reproductive age (15\u201349 years; Odds Ratio 1.96, 95% CI: 1.47\u20132.59). Diarrhoeal cases in individuals aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 years were not significantly associated with diarrhoeal outcomes in young children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). These age-related differences in diarrhoeal exposures were not driven by sex. The magnitude and significance of the odds ratios remained similar when odds ratios were compared by sex within each age group. WASH factors did not influence the likelihood of diarrhoea in young children, despite influencing the likelihood of diarrhoea in school-aged children and adults. Households with young children differed from households without young children by diarrhoeal prevalence, household size, and village WASH infrastructure and ecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Other diarrhoeal cases within households strongly influence the likelihood of diarrhoea in young children, and when controlled, removed the influence of WASH factors. Future research on childhood diarrhoea should consider effects of diarrhoeal cases within households and explore pathogen transmission between household members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07468-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:02:34Z","timestamp":1653123754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diarrhoeal outcomes in young children depend on diarrhoeal cases of other household members: a cross-sectional study of 16,025 people in rural Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Farina L.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narcis B.","family":"Kabatereine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goylette F.","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7468_CR1","first-page":"CD013328","volume":"5","author":"V Bauza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauza V, Sclar G, Majorin F, Clasen T. 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The Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (SS3082), and the Cambridge Human Biology Research Ethics Committee (HBREC2013.10) approved the collection and use of the data. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations in Uganda and the United Kingdom, as well as the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"NBK is employed by Crown Agents and previously was affiliated to the Uganda schistosomiasis control programme funded by the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative. The other authors declare no competing interests exist.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"484"}}