{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:25:16Z","timestamp":1772583916730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung GmbH (HZI)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There remain gaps in quantifying mortality risk among individuals co-infected with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African contexts. Among a cohort of HIV-positive individuals in Rwanda, we estimate the difference in time-to mortality between HBV-positive (HIV\/HBV co-infected) and HBV-negative (HIV mono-infected) individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a dataset of HIV-infected adults screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from January to June 2016 in Rwanda, we performed time-to-event analysis from the date of HBsAg results until death or end of study (31 December 2019). We used the Kaplan\u2013Meier method to estimate probability of survival over time and Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for other factors associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 21,105 available entries, 18,459 (87.5%) met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 42.3\u00a0years (SD\u2009=\u200911.4) and 394 (2.1%) died during follow-up (mortality rate\u2009=\u200945.7 per 100,000 person-months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 41.4\u201350.4) Mortality rate ratio for co-infection was 1.7, 95% CI 1.1\u20132.6, however, Cox regression analysis did not show any association with mortality between compared groups. The adjusted analysis of covariates stratified by co-infection status showed that males, residing outside of the capital Kigali, drinking alcohol, WHO-HIV-clinical stage 3 and 4 were associated with increased mortality in this HIV cohort.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HBV infection does not significantly influence mortality among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda. The current cohort is likely to have survived a period of high-risk exposure to HBV and HIV mortality and limited health care until their diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07477-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T08:03:57Z","timestamp":1653638637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term effect of chronic hepatitis B on mortality in HIV-infected persons in a differential HBV transmission setting"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Umutesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabin","family":"Nsanzimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Yingkai Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizio","family":"Vanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rdis J.","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7477_CR1","volume-title":"Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Prior to data collection during the screening campaign, oral consent was sought from participants and the Rwandan National Ethics Committee approved the waiver for written informed consent. In addition, we obtained the data anonymously to ensure that no participant would be harmed by not being contacted directly, all information about individual persons was removed, with a high degree of assurance that individual information would not be linked. Before the analysis, the following institutions have approved the study: (1) Rwanda National Council for Science and Technology (No 139\/NCST.2019), Rwanda, (2) Rwanda National Ethics Committee (No. 958\/RNEC\/2019), Rwanda (3) Ethical commission at Hannover Medical School (Nr.8604_BO_K_2019), Germany.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participants"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"There is no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"500"}}