{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:13:34Z","timestamp":1790799214216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our aim was to assess the ability of the Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in predicting drug resistance profile of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) from newly diagnosed cases in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We validated the Phenotypic drug Sensitivity Test (pDST) for 12 anti-tuberculosis drugs using the Bactec MGIT 960 system. We described the characteristics of the isolates enrolled and compared the pDST results with resistance profiles predicted by WGS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The pDST showed that of the 43 isolates enrolled, 25.6% were sensitive to rifabutin (RFB); 97.7%\u300197.7%\u300193.0% and 93.0% were sensitive to cycloserine (Cs), amikacin\/kanamycin (Ak\/Km), para-aminosalicylic acid (Pas) and ethionamide Eto), respectively; 18.6% were resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) or second-line injections. Genotype DST determined by WGS of Ak\/Km\u3001Eto and RFP reached high consistency to 97.7% compared with pDST, followed by moxifloxacin (Mfx) 95.3%, levofloxaci (Lfx) and Pas 93%, streptomycin (Sm) 90.3%. The genotype DST of RFB and EMB showed low consistency with the pDST of 67.2 and 79.1%. WGS also detected 27.9% isolates of pyrazinamide(PZA)-related drug-resistant mutation. No mutations associated with linezolid (Lzd), bedaquiline (Bdq) and clofazimine (Cfz) were detectd.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>WGS has the potential to infer resistance profiles without time-consuming phenotypic methods, which could be provide a basis to formulate reasonable treatment in high TB burden areas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T04:02:39Z","timestamp":1653624159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prediction of drug resistance profile of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) isolates from newly diagnosed case by whole genome sequencing (WGS): a study from a high tuberculosis burden country"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuwei","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7482_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020 in Geneva","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2020 in Geneva. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020."},{"key":"7482_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0029-0","volume":"50","author":"F Coll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coll F, Phelan J, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Nair MB, Mallard K, Ali S, et al. Genome-wide analysis of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Genet. 2018;50:307\u201316.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"7482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01138-16","volume":"54","author":"K Kaniga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaniga K, Cirillo DM, Hoffner S, Ismail NA, Kaur D, Lounis N, Metchock B, Pfyffer GE, Venter A. A multilaboratory, multicountry study to determine MIC quality control ranges for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of selected first-line antituberculosis drugs, second-line injectables, fluoroquinolones, clofazimine, and linezolid. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54:2963\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7482_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.096644","volume":"90","author":"K Angeby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Angeby K, Jureen P, Kahlmeter G, Hoffner SE, Schon T. Challenging a dogma: antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(9):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"7482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30190-6","volume":"16","author":"M Zignol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zignol M, Dean AS, Alikhanova N, et al. Population-based resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones: results from a multicountry surveillance project. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:1185\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0164-0","volume":"7","author":"F Coll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coll F, McNerney R, Preston MD, et al. Rapid determination of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance from whole-genome sequences. Genome Med. 2015;7:51.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"7482_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt358","volume":"69","author":"H Nebenzahl-Guimaraes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nebenzahl-Guimaraes H, Jacobson KR, Farhat MR, Murray MB. Systematic review of allelic exchange experiments aimed at identifying mutations that confer drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:331\u201342.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"7482_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01257-15","volume":"53","author":"E Tagliani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tagliani E, Cabibbe AM, Miotto P, et al. Diagnostic performance of the new version (v2.0) of GenoType MTBDRsl assay for detection of resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: a multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:2961.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7482_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.03.041","volume":"25","author":"J Van Beek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Beek J, Haanper\u00e4 M, Smit PW, et al. Evaluation of whole genome sequencing and software tools for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:82\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"7482_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01480-17","author":"TP Quan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quan TP, Bawa Z, Foster D, Walker T, Del Ojo EC, Rathod P, et al. Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing for mycobacterial species identification and drug susceptibility testing in a clinical setting: a large-scale prospective assessment of performance against line probe assays and phenotyping. J Clin Microbiol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01480-17.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7482_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00666-18","author":"RM Doyle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doyle RM, Burgess C, Williams R, Gorton R, Booth H, Brown J, et al. Direct whole-genome sequencing of sputum accurately identifies drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis faster than MGIT culture sequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00666-18.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7482_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00298-17","volume":"55","author":"J Shea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shea J, Halse TA, Lapierre P, Shudt M, Kohlerschmidt D, Van Roey P, et al. Comprehensive whole-genome sequencing and reporting of drug resistance profiles on clinical cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York state. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(6):1871\u201382.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7482_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105912","volume":"55","author":"G Charlotte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charlotte G, Elisabeth H, Jean-Luc B, et al. Whole-genome sequencing in drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in routine practice in Lyon. France Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55: 105912.","journal-title":"France Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30518-3","volume":"20","author":"O Ranzani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ranzani O, Rodrigues L, Bombarda S, Minto C, Waldman E, Carvalho C. Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil, 2010\u201315: a population-based, longitudinal study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):123\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01209-13","volume":"58","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee J, Armstrong DT, Ssengooba W, Park JA, Yu Y, Mumbowa F, et al. Sensititre MYCOTB MIC plate for testing Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to first- and second-line drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(1):11\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0855-5","volume":"22","author":"J Luna-Herrera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luna-Herrera J, Martinez-Cabrera G, Parra-Maldonado R, Enciso-Moreno JA, Torres-Lopez J, Quesada-Pascual F, et al. Use of receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the performance of a microdilution assay for determination of drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22(1):21\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"7482_CR17","volume-title":"Global TB Programme. Updated interim critical concentrations for first-line and second-line DST","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global TB Programme. Updated interim critical concentrations for first-line and second-line DST. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"7482_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2471-2473.2005","volume":"43","author":"WK Aldous","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aldous WK, Pounder JI, Cloud JL, Woods GL. Comparison of six methods of extracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from processed sputum for testing by quantitative real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(5):2471\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7482_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30218-4","volume":"18","author":"C Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang C, Lu L, Warren JL, et al. Internal migration and transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: an epidemiological, spatial, genomic analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(7):788\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0680-6","volume":"2","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Q, Ma A, Wei L, Pang Y, Wu B, Luo T, Zhou Y, Zheng HX, Jiang Q, Gan M, Zuo T, Liu M, Yang C, Jin L, Comas I, Gagneux S, Zhao Y, Pepperell CS, Gao Q. China\u2019s tuberculosis epidemic stems from historical expansion of four strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Ecol Evol. 2018;2:1982\u201392.","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7482_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012;9(4):357\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"16","key":"7482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R, 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup. The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics. 2009;25(16):2078\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.129684.111","volume":"22","author":"DC Koboldt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koboldt DC, Zhang Q, Larson DE, Shen D, McLellan MD, Lin L, Miller CA, Mardis ER, Ding L, Wilson RK. VarScan 2: somatic mutation and copy number alteration discovery in cancer by exome sequencing. Genome Res. 2012;22(3):568\u201376.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"7482_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8136","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424063112","volume":"112","author":"T Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo T, Comas I, Luo D, et al. Southern East Asian origin and coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family with Han Chinese. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(26):8136\u201341.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3195","volume":"47","author":"M Merker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merker M, Blin C, Mona S, et al. Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage. Nat Genet. 2015;47(3):242\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"7482_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance. World Health Organization; 2021. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/341981. Accessed 12 Sep 2021."},{"key":"7482_CR27","volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"7482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901740","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/901740","volume":"2013","author":"AC Leandro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leandro AC, Rocha MA, Lamoglia-Souza A, et al. No association of IFNG+874T\/A SNP and NOS2A-954G\/C SNP variants with nitric oxide radical serum levels or susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Brazilian population subset. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:901740.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"7482_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.34.1033","volume":"34","author":"L Marsili","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marsili L, Pasqualucci CR, Vigevani A, Gioia B, Schioppacassi G, Oronzo G. New rifamycins modified at positions 3 and 4. Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation. J Antibiot. 1981;34:1033\u20138.","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"7482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059414","volume":"8","author":"FA Sirgel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sirgel FA, Warren RM, B\u00f6ttger EC, Klopper M, Victor TC, van Helden PD. The rationale for using rifabutin in the treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis outbreaks. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e59414.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"7482_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00691-14","volume":"52","author":"FB Jamieson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jamieson FB, Guthrie JL, Neemuchwala A, Lastovetska O, Melano RG, Mehaffy C. Profiling of rpoB mutations and MICs for rifampin and rifabutin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(6):2157\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.111606.122346","volume":"61","author":"C Vilch\u00e8ze","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vilch\u00e8ze C, Jacobs J, William R. The mechanism of isoniazid killing: clarity through the scope of genetics. Annu Rev Microbio. 2007;61:35\u201350.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbio"},{"key":"7482_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt090","volume":"68","author":"D Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado D, Perdig\u00e3o J, Ramos J, et al. High-level resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Lisboa family is associated with inhA double mutations. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68:1728\u201332.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"7482_CR34","volume-title":"Policy guidance on drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of second-line antituberculosis drugs","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Policy guidance on drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of second-line antituberculosis drugs. Geneva: WHO; 2008."},{"key":"7482_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2484","volume":"39","author":"K Mikusov\u00e1","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mikusov\u00e1 K, Slayden RA, Besra GS, et al. Biogenesis of the mycobacterial cell wall and the site of action of ethambutol. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:2484\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7482_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics3030317","volume":"3","author":"JC Palomino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palomino JC, Martin A. Drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel). 2014;3:317\u201340.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"7482_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.267-274.2002","volume":"46","author":"SH Gillespie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gillespie SH. Evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: clinical and molecular perspective. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:267\u201374.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7482_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033275","volume":"7","author":"SB Georghiou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Georghiou SB, Magana M, Garfein RS, et al. Evaluation of genetic mutations associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e33275.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7482_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida Da Silva PE, Palomino JC. Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: classical and new drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 1417\u201330","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr173"},{"key":"7482_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01197-08","volume":"53","author":"V Mathys","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mathys V, Wintjens R, Lefevre P, et al. Molecular genetics of para-aminosalicylic acid resistance in clinical isolates and spontaneous mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:2100\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7482_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020465","volume":"9","author":"K-Y Jalil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jalil K-Y, Hossein K, Simone B, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing results associated with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 14 anti-tuberculosis drugs among rifampicin-resistant isolates of from Iran. J Clin Med. 2020;9:465.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7482_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00466-X","volume":"4","author":"LJ Pankhurst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pankhurst LJ, del Ojo EC, Votintseva AA, et al. Rapid, comprehensive, and affordable mycobacterial diagnosis with whole-genome sequencing: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4:49\u201358.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1653624411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07482-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, the approval number was K16-298. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.Samples were collected with the informed consent of all subjects and\/or their legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"499"}}