{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:32:52Z","timestamp":1789673572854,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic rods and are rare causes of cholecystitis. Because <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> species are anaerobic bacteria, it is difficult for <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> to survive in bile apart from <jats:italic>A. naeslundii.<\/jats:italic> We experienced a case of recurrent acute cholecystitis caused by <jats:italic>A. odontolyticus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A patient had been diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and treated one month before and after that, admitted to our hospital because of recurrent cholecystitis. Gram stain of the bile revealed gram-positive rods and gram-positive cocci. We found <jats:italic>A. odontolyticus<\/jats:italic> and MRSA in bile culture and MRSA in blood culture. We administered piperacillin-tazobactam and then changed it to ampicillin-sulbactam and vancomycin. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was discharged safely.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first case of cholecystitis caused by <jats:italic>A. odontolyticus<\/jats:italic>. Cholecystitis caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> species is rare. In addition, we may overlook it with the low positivity of bile cultures of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>. Whenever the cholecystitis recurs without any obstruction of the biliary tract, we should search for the gram-positive rods hidden in the bile, such as <jats:italic>A. odontolyticus,<\/jats:italic> as the causative organism, even if the bile culture is negative.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07491-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1654347769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A case of recurrent acute cholecystitis caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus, rare actinomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kento","family":"Furuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyohei","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akitsugu","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Kanemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"7491_CR1","first-page":"183","volume":"7","author":"F Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour F, S\u00e9n\u00e9chal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, et al. 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