{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:28:30Z","timestamp":1790047710267,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Very few studies have compared the effects and side effects of vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study examined 116 patients with methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> pneumonia who met the inclusion criteria and were treated with either vancomycin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200954) or teicoplanin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200962). The primary (i.e., clinical failure during treatment) and secondary outcomes (i.e., mortality rates, discontinuation of study drugs due to treatment failure, side effects, and clinical cure) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The vancomycin group presented lower clinical failure rates (25.9% vs. 61.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), discontinuation due to treatment failure (22.2% vs. 41.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), and mortality rates (3.7% vs 19.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that teicoplanin was a significant clinical failure predictor compared with vancomycin (adjusted odds ratio, 2.198; 95% confidence interval 1.163\u20134.154). The rates of drug change due to side effects were higher in the vancomycin group than in the teicoplanin group (24.1% vs. 1.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vancomycin presented favorable treatment outcomes and more side effects compared with teicoplanin, which suggests that clinicians would need to consider the efficacy and potential side effects of these drugs before prescription.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T13:06:28Z","timestamp":1657199188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of mortality and clinical failure rates between vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jang Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong Geun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"7549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1763","volume":"298","author":"RM Klevens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, Harrison LH, Lynfield R, Dumyati G, Townes JM, et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298(15):1763\u201371.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00041009","volume":"34","author":"KZ Vardakas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vardakas KZ, Matthaiou DK, Falagas ME. Incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe community acquired-MRSA pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(5):1148\u201358.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0147-4","volume":"17","author":"NA Turner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turner NA, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Maskarinec SA, Eichenberger EM, Shah PP, Carugati M, Holland TL, Fowler VG Jr. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17(4):203\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"7549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S378","DOI":"10.1086\/533594","volume":"46","author":"E Rubinstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubinstein E, Kollef MH, Nathwani D. Pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(Suppl 5):S378-385.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7549_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.025","volume":"26","author":"J Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J, Luo Y, Zhang S, Liang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Jia Y, Chen L, She D. Community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in a Chinese teenager: case report and literature review. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;26:17\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"7549_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","volume":"52","author":"C Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, Daum RS, Fridkin SK, Gorwitz RJ, Kaplan SL, Karchmer AW, Levine DP, Murray BE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18-55.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9887","key":"7549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60647-9","volume":"382","author":"NH Lameire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lameire NH, Bagga A, Cruz D, De Maeseneer J, Endre Z, Kellum JA, Liu KD, Mehta RL, Pannu N, Van Biesen W, et al. Acute kidney injury: an increasing global concern. Lancet. 2013;382(9887):170\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"7549_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa036","volume":"77","author":"MJ Rybak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rybak MJ, Le J, Lodise TP, Levine DP, Bradley JS, Liu C, Mueller BA, Pai MP, Wong-Beringer A, Rotschafer JC, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020;77(11):835\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlaa114","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa114","volume":"3","author":"NM Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown NM, Goodman AL, Horner C, Jenkins A, Brown EM. Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): updated guidelines from the UK. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(1):dlaa114.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"10","key":"7549_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00341-09","volume":"53","author":"S Svetitsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Svetitsky S, Leibovici L, Paul M. Comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin: systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(10):4069\u201379.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/22.4.397","volume":"22","author":"AH Williams","year":"1988","unstructured":"Williams AH, Gr\u00fcneberg RN. Teicoplanin revisited. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988;22(4):397\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-020-00424-3","volume":"21","author":"T Ueda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ueda T, Takesue Y, Nakajima K, Ichiki K, Ishikawa K, Takai Y, Yamada K, Tsuchida T, Otani N, Takahashi Y, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety in patients treated with teicoplanin with a target trough concentration of 20 mug\/mL using a regimen of 12 mg\/kg for five doses within the initial 3 days. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020;21(1):50.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.045","volume":"36","author":"T Welte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welte T, Pletz MW. Antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia: current and future options. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;36(5):391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"9","key":"7549_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.111","volume":"67","author":"MS Butler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Butler MS, Hansford KA, Blaskovich MA, Halai R, Cooper MA. Glycopeptide antibiotics: back to the future. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2014;67(9):631\u201344.","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"7549_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavalcanti AB, Goncalves AR, Almeida CS, Bugano DD, Silva E. Teicoplanin versus vancomycin for proven or suspected infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(6):Cd007022.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007022.pub2"},{"issue":"2","key":"7549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/37.2.209","volume":"37","author":"MJ Wood","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wood MJ. The comparative efficacy and safety of teicoplanin and vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1996;37(2):209\u201322.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"7549_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79782","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079782","volume":"8","author":"Y Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng Y, Ye X, Li Y, Bu T, Chen X, Bi J, Zhou J, Yao Z. Teicoplanin as an effective alternative to vancomycin for treatment of MRSA infection in Chinese population: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11):e79782.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","volume":"23","author":"R Nau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nau R, Sorgel F, Eiffert H. Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23(4):858\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.12.013","volume":"34","author":"EL Cano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cano EL, Haque NZ, Welch VL, Cely CM, Peyrani P, Scerpella EG, Ford KD, Zervos MJ, Ramirez JA, Kett DH. Incidence of nephrotoxicity and association with vancomycin use in intensive care unit patients with pneumonia: retrospective analysis of the IMPACT-HAP Database. Clin Ther. 2012;34(1):149\u201357.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","volume":"63","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O\u2019Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratala J, et al. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(5):e61\u2013111.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"7549_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","volume":"200","author":"JP Metlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K, Cooley LA, Dean NC, Fine MJ, Flanders SA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(7):e45\u201367.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"7549_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","volume":"13","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818\u201329.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2007.12.015","volume":"23","author":"G Gursel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gursel G, Aydogdu M, Ozyilmaz E, Ozis TN. Risk factors for treatment failure in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy. J Crit Care. 2008;23(1):34\u201340.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR24","first-page":"00736","volume":"7","author":"RY Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim RY, Glick C, Furmanek S, Ramirez JA, Cavallazzi R. Association between body mass index and mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. ERJ Open Res. 2021;7(1):00736\u20132020.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir895","volume":"54","author":"RG Wunderink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wunderink RG, Niederman MS, Kollef MH, Shorr AF, Kunkel MJ, Baruch A, McGee WT, Reisman A, Chastre J. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(5):621\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7549_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.2.281","volume":"37","author":"C Lamer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lamer C, de Beco V, Soler P, Calvat S, Fagon JY, Dombret MC, Farinotti R, Chastre J, Gibert C. Analysis of vancomycin entry into pulmonary lining fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37(2):281\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.4.539","volume":"26","author":"MH Scheetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scheetz MH, Wunderink RG, Postelnick MJ, Noskin GA. Potential impact of vancomycin pulmonary distribution on treatment outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Pharmacotherapy. 2006;26(4):539\u201350.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0136-3","volume":"32","author":"O Mimoz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mimoz O, Rolland D, Adoun M, Marchand S, Breilh D, Brumpt I, Debaene B, Couet W. Steady-state trough serum and epithelial lining fluid concentrations of teicoplanin 12 mg\/kg per day in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(5):775\u20139.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7549_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g2317","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2317","volume":"348","author":"J Mukhopadhyay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay J. Teicoplanin for treating MRSA pneumonia. BMJ. 2014;348:g2317.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2013.1060","volume":"27","author":"E Mercier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mercier E, Darrouzain F, Montharu J, Guillon A, Diot P, Paintaud G, Vecellio L. Lung and serum teicoplanin concentration after aerosol and intravenous administration in a rat model. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2014;27(4):306\u201312.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01330-10","volume":"55","author":"TP Lodise","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lodise TP, Sorgel F, Melnick D, Mason B, Kinzig M, Drusano GL. Penetration of meropenem into epithelial lining fluid of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(4):1606\u201310.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"7549_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1086\/383320","volume":"189","author":"GL Drusano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drusano GL, Preston SL, Fowler C, Corrado M, Weisinger B, Kahn J. Relationship between fluoroquinolone area under the curve: minimum inhibitory concentration ratio and the probability of eradication of the infecting pathogen, in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 2004;189(9):1590\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"7549_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2165\/11594090-000000000-00000","volume":"50","author":"KA Rodvold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodvold KA, George JM, Yoo L. Penetration of anti-infective agents into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid: focus on antibacterial agents. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011;50(10):637\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"5","key":"7549_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.023","volume":"43","author":"JA Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Stove V, De Waele JJ, Sipinkoski B, McWhinney B, Ungerer JP, Akova M, Bassetti M, Dimopoulos G, Kaukonen KM, et al. Variability in protein binding of teicoplanin and achievement of therapeutic drug monitoring targets in critically ill patients: lessons from the DALI Study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014;43(5):423\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"6","key":"7549_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06050-1","volume":"46","author":"MH Abdul-Aziz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdul-Aziz MH, Alffenaar JC, Bassetti M, Bracht H, Dimopoulos G, Marriott D, Neely MN, Paiva JA, Pea F, Sjovall F, et al. Antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill adult patients: a Position Paper. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1127\u201353.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"7549_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1259-9","volume":"68","author":"S Elyasi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elyasi S, Khalili H, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Mohammadpour A. Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanism, incidence, risk factors and special populations. A literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;68(9):1243\u201355.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7549_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-013-0163-0","volume":"34","author":"D Cappelletty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cappelletty D, Jablonski A, Jung R. Risk factors for acute kidney injury in adult patients receiving vancomycin. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34(3):189\u201393.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"7549_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018816638223","volume":"7","author":"O Bamgbola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bamgbola O. Review of vancomycin-induced renal toxicity: an update. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016;7(3):136\u201347.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"7549_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70036-2","volume":"14","author":"JA Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Abdul-Aziz MH, Lipman J, Mouton JW, Vinks AA, Felton TW, Hope WW, Farkas A, Neely MN, Schentag JJ, et al. Individualised antibiotic dosing for patients who are critically ill: challenges and potential solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(6):498\u2013509.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7549_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.08.018","volume":"68","author":"PC Matthews","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthews PC, Chue AL, Wyllie D, Barnett A, Isinkaye T, Jefferies L, Lovering A, Scarborough M. Increased teicoplanin doses are associated with improved serum levels but not drug toxicity. J Infect. 2014;68(1):43\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"7549_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002245","volume":"45","author":"LS Chawla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chawla LS, Amdur RL, Faselis C, Li P, Kimmel PL, Palant CE. Impact of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(4):600\u20136.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"7549_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy680","volume":"67","author":"X Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang X, Fan Y, Yang M, Zhang J, Wu J, Yu J, Tao J, Lu G, Zhang H, Wang R, et al. A prospective multicenter clinical observational study on vancomycin efficiency and safety with therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(suppl_2):S249\u201355.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T13:06:54Z","timestamp":1657199214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07549-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (IRB No.: 2020-1667). The board waived the request for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"600"}}