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Chronic periodontitis can cause bacteremia and systemic diseases, including osteomyelitis. Hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by anaerobic bacteria is uncommon, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed bacteremia with<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. micra<\/jats:italic>. Here, we report the first case of osteomyelitis of the femur caused by anaerobic bacteria with mixed bacteremia of<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. micra<\/jats:italic>caused by chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 75-year-old man with chronic periodontitis, hyperuricemia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia was admitted to the hospital with a fracture of the left femur. The patient had left thigh pain for 4 weeks prior to admission. Left femoral intramedullary nail fixation was performed, and a large amount of abscess and necrotic tissue was found intraoperatively. The cultures of abscess specimens were identified as<jats:italic>P. micra<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. micra<\/jats:italic>were also isolated from blood cultures.<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16\u00a0S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Sulbactam-ampicillin was administered for approximately 1 month, after which it was replaced by oral clavulanic acid-amoxicillin for long-term suppressive treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only five cases of bloodstream infection with<jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>have been reported, and this is the first report of mixed bacteremia with<jats:italic>P. micra<\/jats:italic>. Clinicians should consider that chronic periodontitis caused by rare oral anaerobic bacteria can cause systemic infections, such as osteomyelitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07573-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T07:02:58Z","timestamp":1657782178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Femoral osteomyelitis caused by oral anaerobic bacteria with mixed bacteremia of Campylobacter rectus and Parvimonas micra in a chronic periodontitis patient: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoya","family":"Itoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Ishibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumitaka","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"7573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S142730","volume":"9","author":"CM Cobb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cobb CM, Kelly PJ, Williams KB, Babbar S, Angolkar M, Derman RJ. 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