{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:52:37Z","timestamp":1740135157295,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BPIN Code: 20200000100090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPIN Code: 20200000100090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain in asymptomatic individuals facilitates its dissemination and makes its control difficult. Objective. To establish a cohort of asymptomatic individuals, change to the symptomatic status, and determine the most frequent clinical manifestations.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between April 9 and August 9, 2020, molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 154 asymptomatic people in contact with subjects diagnosed with COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed on these people in different hospitals in C\u00f3rdoba, the Caribbean area of Colombia. The genes E, RdRp, and N were amplified with RT-qPCR. Based on the molecular results and the Cq values, the patients were subsequently followed up through telephone calls to verify their health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, of 154 asymptomatic individuals, 103 (66.9%) remained asymptomatic, and 51 (33.1%) changed to symptomatic. The most frequent clinical manifestations in young people were anosmia and arthralgia. Adults showed cough, ageusia, and odynophagia; in the elderly were epigastralgia, dyspnea, and headache. Mortality was 8%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A proportion of 33% of presymptomatic individuals was found, of which four of them died. This high rate could indicate a silent transmission, contributing significantly to the epidemic associated with SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T14:19:09Z","timestamp":1658931549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 in a tropical area of Colombia, a remarkable conversion of presymptomatic to symptomatic people impacts public health"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Caty","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Serrano-Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Faccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketty","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yesica","family":"Botero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonairo","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelin","family":"Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yesica","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0526-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"7575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080837","volume":"9","author":"S Castaneda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castaneda S, Patino LH, Munoz M, Ballesteros N, Guerrero-Araya E, Paredes-Sabja D, et al. Evolution and epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia: a year into the pandemic. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(8):837.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)."},{"key":"7575_CR2","unstructured":"Pango Network. Lineage List. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/cov-lineages.org\/lineage_list.html. Accessed 3 Jan 2022."},{"key":"7575_CR3","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud Colombia. Lineamientos para el uso de pruebas moleculares RT-PCR, pruebas de ant\u00edgeno y pruebas serol\u00f3gicas para SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en Colombia 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.minsalud.gov.co\/Ministerio\/Institucional\/Procesos%20y%20procedimientos\/GIPS21.pdf. Accessed 3 Jan 2022."},{"issue":"6491","key":"7575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb6936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6936","volume":"368","author":"L Ferretti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferretti L, Wymant C, Kendall M, Zhao L, Nurtay A, Abeler-D\u00f6rner L, et al. Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing. Science. 2020;368(6491):eabb6936.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"7575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.076","volume":"100","author":"LA Nikolai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikolai LA, Meyer CG, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Asymptomatic SARS coronavirus 2 infection: invisible yet invincible. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:112\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"7575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2137257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257","volume":"4","author":"Q Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Q, Liu J, Liu Q, et al. Global percentage of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among the tested population and individuals with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2137257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"7575_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Provisional guidelines on standard international age classifications. 1982. Available from: https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/publication\/SeriesM\/SeriesM_74e.pdf. Accessed 3 Jan 2022."},{"key":"7575_CR8","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. Age 2019. Available from: https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/bias-free-language\/age. Accessed 3 Jan 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"7575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214635","volume":"75","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Muscatello D, Tian Y, Chen Y, Li S, Duan W, Ma C, Sun Y, Wu S, Ge L, Yang P, Jia L, Wang Q, MacIntyre CR. Role of presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19: evidence from Beijing, China. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021;75(1):84\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2020-214635.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"37","key":"7575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e333","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e333","volume":"35","author":"TH Jeong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong TH, Pak C, Ock M, Lee SH, Son JS, Jeon YJ. Real asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection might be rare: importance of careful interviews and follow-up. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(37).","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"7575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","volume":"80","author":"L Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, Chen X, Ao Y, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;80(6):656\u201365.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"22","key":"7575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457","volume":"28","author":"MM Arons","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR, et al. Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility. N Engl J Med. 2020;28(22):2081\u201390.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.012","volume":"100","author":"T Klopfenstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klopfenstein T, Zahra H, Kadiane-Oussou NJ, Lepiller Q, Royer P-Y, Toko L, et al. New loss of smell and taste: uncommon symptoms in COVID-19 patients on Nord Franche-Comte cluster, France. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:117\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"7575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102581","volume":"41","author":"X Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng X, Deng Y, Dai Z, Meng Z. COVID-19 and anosmia: a review based on up-to-date knowledge. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(5):102581.","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"18","key":"7575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e174","volume":"35","author":"Y Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(18).","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"7575_CR16","first-page":"101129","volume":"31","author":"VB Daher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daher VB, Soares Oliveira DS, Daher Junior MF, Junior de Melo Fernandes E, Bomtempo de Castro JV, Moya MI, et al. Anosmia: a marker of infection by the new corona virus. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;31:101129.","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"7575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.026","volume":"26","author":"A Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel A, Charani E, Ariyanayagam D, Abdulaal A, Denny SJ, Mughal N, et al. New-onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(9):1236\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"7575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104058","volume":"89","author":"S Niu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niu S, Tian S, Lou J, Kang X, Zhang L, Lian H, et al. Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: a descriptive study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;89:104058.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"7575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","volume":"55","author":"W-J Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan W-J, Liang W-H, Zhao Y, Liang H-R, Chen Z-S, Li Y-M, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00445-8","volume":"20","author":"SA Quiroga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quiroga SA, Hernandez C, Castaneda S, Jimenez P, Vega L, Gomez M, et al. Contrasting SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies and clinical symptoms in a large cohort of Colombian patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021;20(1):39.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob."},{"issue":"1","key":"7575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19057-5","volume":"11","author":"J Fajnzylber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fajnzylber J, Regan J, Coxen K, Corry H, Wong C, Rosenthal A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load is associated with increased disease severity and mortality. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5493.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"7575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.09.013","volume":"60","author":"MR Mahmoudi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahmoudi MR, Heydari MH, Qasem SN, Mosavi A, Band SS. Principal component analysis to study the relations between the spread rates of COVID-19 in high risks countries. Alexandria Eng J. 2021;60(1):457\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2020.09.013.","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng J"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1658931630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07575-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2334"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico-Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba ethics committee. After the study\u2019s aims were explained, the patients signed an informed consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest applicable to this research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"644"}}