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However, the specific mechanism of bacterial meningitis induced by LPS damaging BBB remains unclear. In this study, the mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEND.3) cells were used as a research object to investigate whether LPS damage BBB through the PI3K\/Akt pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The bEND.3 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of LPS for 12\u00a0h, and the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin) was detected using western blotting. The cells were challenged with the same concentration of LPS (1ug\/ml) across different timepoints (0, 2\u00a0h, 4\u00a0h, 6\u00a0h, 12\u00a0h, 24\u00a0h). Expression of TJ proteins and signal pathway molecules (PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt) were detected. The distribution of ZO-1 in bEND.3 cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A negative correlation is observed between ZO-1 and LPS concentration. Moreover, a reduced expression of ZO-1 was most significant under 1 ug\/ml of LPS, and the difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between ZO-1 and LPS stimulation time. Meanwhile, the expression of claudin-5 and occludin did not change significantly with the stimulation of LPS concentration and time. The immunofluorescence assay showed that the amount of ZO-1 on the surface of bEND.3 cells stimulated with LPS was significantly lower than that of the control group. After LPS stimulation, p-Akt protein increased at 2\u00a0h and peaked at 4\u00a0h. The titer of p-PI3K did not change significantly with time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LPS can downregulate the expression of ZO-1; however, its effect on claudin-5 and occludin is minimal. Akt signal pathway may be involved in the regulation of ZO-1 expression induced by LPS in bEND.3 cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07752-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T06:03:03Z","timestamp":1664949783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide downregulates the expression of ZO-1 protein through the Akt pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Peicen","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-3668-1","volume":"5","author":"MA Reta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reta MA, Zeleke TA. 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