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Here the role of circulating TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells was further investigated in HIV\/TB co-infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the frequency and functional profiles of peripheral TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells including apoptosis, chemokine and cytokine expression among healthy individuals and patients with TB, HIV infection and HIV\/TB co-infection by cell surface staining and intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significantly increased frequency of TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells was observed in HIV\/TB co-infection than that in TB (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), HIV infection (p\u2009=\u20090.039) and healthy controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared with TB, HIV\/TB co-infection had higher frequency of Fas expression (p\u2009=\u20090.007) and lower frequency of Annexin V expression on TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells (p\u2009=\u20090.049), and the frequency of Annexin V expression on Fas<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells had no significant difference. TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells expressed less CCR5 in HIV\/TB co-infection than that in TB (p\u2009=\u20090.014), and more CXCR4 in HIV\/TB co-infection than that in HIV infection (p\u2009=\u20090.043). Compared with healthy controls, TB and HIV\/TB co-infection had higher frequency of TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells secreting Granzyme A (p\u2009=\u20090.046; p\u2009=\u20090.005). In TB and HIV\/TB co-infection, TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells secreted more granzyme A (p\u2009=\u20090.002; p\u2009=\u20090.002) and perforin (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; p\u2009=\u20090.017) than CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells but similar to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Reduced apoptosis may take part in the mechanism of increased frequency of peripheral TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells in HIV\/TB co-infection. TCR\u03b1\u03b2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DNT cells may play a cytotoxic T cells-like function in HIV\/TB co-infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07807-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T06:05:14Z","timestamp":1669615514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frequency and functional profile of circulating TCR\u03b1\u03b2+ double negative T cells in HIV\/TB co-infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.128","volume":"16","author":"L Bell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bell L, Noursadeghi M. 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