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A total of 37 patients diagnosed with HR-HPV infection-related cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study from October 2020 to November 2021, and these patients were treated with FU. We used 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing to profile the vaginal microbiota composition of patients before and 3\u00a0months after FU treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After FU treatment, HR-HPV was cleared in 24 patients, with a clearance rate of 75.0% (24\/32). <jats:italic>Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic> was the predominant species among all samples. No significant difference was found in alpha-diversity index before and 3\u00a0months after FU treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), but the rarefaction curves showed that the vaginal microbial diversity before FU treatment was higher than that after FU treatment. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) showed that <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> contributed the most to the difference between the two groups at the genus level, and the abundance after FU treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.000).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The decrease of vaginal microbial diversity may be related to the clearance of HR-HPV infection, and FU treatment contributed to the decrease of vaginal microbial diversity. Increased <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> abundance in the vaginal microbiome may be associated with clearance of HR-HPV infection, and FU treatment may contribute to the increase in <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> abundance.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration number:<\/jats:italic>\u00a0This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 23\/11\/2020 (ChiCTR2000040162).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07937-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1672916581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Changes in vaginal microbiome after focused ultrasound treatment of high-risk human papillomavirus infection-related low-grade cervical lesions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Wenping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honggui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"7937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e609","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30143-7","volume":"4","author":"M Plummer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plummer M, de Martel C, Vignat J, Ferlay J, Bray F, Franceschi S. 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