{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:29:38Z","timestamp":1787020178229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of resistant hospital infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) increases mortality and antibiotic resistance. COVID-19 pandemic may have unintended impact on nosocomial infections (NI) and the prevalence of resistant microorganism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present non-interventional study was performed by a pre and a post survey each lasting 8 months before (March\u2013October 2019) and after (March\u2013October 2020) the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in three ICU\u2019s, not allocated to COVID-19 patients, in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The rates of the following nosocomial infections were compared at pre- and post-pandemic period: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and incidence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-pandemic and pandemic incidence of VAP was 23.5 and 17.2 cases per 1000 device-days, respectively; an absolute decrease of 27%. The main reason for the decrease in the rate of VAP during the pandemic was a significant decrease in the rate of VAP caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; from 39 to 17% in total VAP episodes. The rate of VAP associated with other microorganisms remained relatively unchanged from 14.2 cases in pre-pandemic period to 14.3 cases per 1000 MV-days during the pandemic (P\u2009=\u20090.801). Pre-pandemic incidence of CLABSI was 7.3 cases and, in pandemic period, was 6.5 cases per 1000 device-days (IRR\u2009=\u20090.88, 95% CI\u2009\u20090.43\u20131.73, P\u2009=\u20090.703). Pre-pandemic incidence of CAUTI was 2 and in pandemic period, was 1.4 cases per 1000 device-days (IRR\u2009=\u20090.70, 95% CI\u2009\u20090.22\u20131.98, P\u2009=\u20090.469).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of the present study showed a decrease in the incidence of VAP in critically ill non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic, especially regarding\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07962-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T11:09:04Z","timestamp":1673003344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Unintended impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of catheter related nosocomial infections and incidence of multiple drug resistance pathogens in three intensive care units not allocated to COVID-19 patients in a large teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Farid","family":"Zand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedayatollah","family":"Vakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeimehossadat","family":"Asmarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Masjedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golnar","family":"Sabetian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Nikandish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azita","family":"Tabatabaei Esfehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Azadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Sanaei Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7962_CR1","first-page":"72","volume":"37","author":"F Kouchak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kouchak F, Askarian M. 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File number: (IR.sums.med.rec.1400, 187) and informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations as approved by the Ethics Committee and with appropriate and published references.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}