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As a newly discovered pathogen, <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic> has gradually been recognized as important sexually transmitted infection and even been called a \u201cnew chlamydia\u201d. There are no official epidemiological data of <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> in China especially in women with lower reproductive tract infection. This work aims to understand the prevalence and risk factors of <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> in women with lower reproductive tract infections and to provide reference for the formulation of health policy in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was conducted in the gynecological clinics of 12 hospitals geographically located in different regions in China. Women with purulent cervical secretions or abnormal vaginal microecology were included as the research group, and those with normal vaginal microecology and cervical secretions were included as the control group. A total of 2190 participants were recruited in this project including 1357 of research group and 833 of control group. All participants were required to complete questionnaires, whose vaginal discharge were collected for vaginal microecology test and cervical discharge for detection of <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0genitalium<\/jats:italic> were 7.1% (96\/1357) and 3.8% (51\/1357), respectively in research group. The prevalence of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0genitalium<\/jats:italic> varied in different regions. Infection rates of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0genitalium<\/jats:italic> were higher in women with abnormal vaginal microecology (<jats:italic>C.t P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038, <jats:italic>M.g P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043), especially in women with bacterial vaginosis and mixed vaginitis, of which <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> showed statistical differences (bacterial vaginosis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035; mixed vaginitis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001) and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0genitalium<\/jats:italic> was close to statistical differences (bacterial vaginosis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.057; mixed vaginitis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.081). Alcoholism and abnormal vaginal microecology were positively correlated with both <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> infection. Increasing age, being married and multi-parity were negatively correlated with <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infection. There is a positive correlation between multiple sexual partners, diversed styles of sex and <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Women with lower genital dysbiosis have an increased risk of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>. The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> is lower than that of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, while they have similarities in the characteristics of infection. Although <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> is not routinely screened as <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> in young women, attention should be paid to <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> infection in young women with abnormal vaginal microecology or having childbearing needs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07975-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1672916581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis in Chinese female with lower reproductive tract infection: a multicenter epidemiological survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"7975_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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