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This study aims to describe the epidemiology and source of infection in cancer patients with FN in a tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Data on cancer patients with FN were collected from the hospital information system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      150 cancer patients with FN were identified during the study period. Most patients were males (98; 65.3%), and the mean age of participants was 42.2\u2009\u00b1\u200916.0\u00a0years. Most patients (127; 84.7%) had hematologic malignancies, and acute myeloid leukemia was the most common diagnosis (42; 28%), followed by acute lymphocytic leukemia (28; 18.7%) and Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (20; 13.3%). Fifty-four (36%) patients had a median Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) scores greater than 21. Regarding the outcome, nine (6%) died, and 141(94%) were discharged. The focus of fever was unknown in most patients (108; 72%). Among the known origins of fever were colitis (12; 8%), pneumonia (8; 5.3%), cellulitis (6; 4%), bloodstream infections (7; 4.6%), perianal abscess (2; 1.3%) and others. The median duration of fever was two days, and the median duration of neutropenia was seven days. Sixty-three (42%) patients had infections: 56 (73.3%) were bacterial, four (2.6%) were viral, two (1%) were fungal and 1 (0.7%) was parasitic. Among the bacterial causes, 50 cases (89.2%) were culture-positive. Among the culture-positive cases, 34 (68%) were gram-positive and 22 (44%) were gram-negative. The most frequent gram-positive bacteria were\n                      <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (9; 18% of culture-positive cases), and the most frequent gram-negative organisms were\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (5; 10%). Levofloxacin was the most commonly used prophylactic antibiotic (23; 15.33%), followed by acyclovir (1610.7%) and fluconazole in 15 patients (10%). Amikacin was the most popular empiric therapy, followed by piperacillin\/tazobactam (74; 49.3%), ceftazidime (70; 46.7%), and vancomycin (63; 42%). One-third of\n                      <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Approximately two-thirds of\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were resistant to piperacillin\/tazobactam and ceftazidime. Amikacin resistance was proven in 20% of isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of patients suffered from hematologic malignancies. Less than half of the patients had infections, and the majority were bacterial. Gram-positive bacteria comprised two-thirds of cases. Therefore, empiric therapy was appropriate and in accordance with the antibiogram of the isolated bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08058-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T05:03:38Z","timestamp":1677042218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Epidemiology and source of infection in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: an experience from a developing country"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nagham","family":"Joudeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elana","family":"Sawafta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adham","family":"Abu Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majd","family":"Hamed Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riad","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razan Y.","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sabateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banan M.","family":"Aiesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u2019ed H.","family":"Zyoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8058_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2017.16","volume":"24","author":"MA Zaimy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaimy MA, Saffarzadeh N, Mohammadi A, Pourghadamyari H, Izadi P, Sarli A, Moghaddam LK, Paschepari SR, Azizi H, Torkamandi S, et al. 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Sep 2021\/47)<i>.<\/i> We confirm that the collected data were used only for clinical research. The information was confidential and not used for any purpose other than this study. The data collected was only with limited access to the working staff in the project. Identifiable patient information and hospital name were not shared; we used numbers as codes for patients instead of their names. The IRB of An-Najah National University waived the need for informed consent since we used retrospective data. All the methods used in the study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}