{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:18:14Z","timestamp":1789269494276,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nocardia are Gram-positive, aerobic, filamentous bacteria that can cause localized or disseminated infections. Immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk of developing Nocardia infection and further dissemination of the disease. To date, limited data have documented the relationship between nocardiosis and alcoholic liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report the case of a 47-year-old man with a known history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The patient presented to our emergency department with redness, swelling in the left eye, and diminished bilateral vision. Fundus examination of the left eye was obscured, while that of the right eye was consistent with subretinal abscess. Therefore, endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected. Imaging revealed two ring-enhancing lesions in the brain, and multiple bilateral small cystic and cavitary lung lesions. Unfortunately, the left eye eventually eviscerated due to the rapid progression of the disease. Cultures from the left eye were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The patient was started on imipenem, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin based on culture sensitivity. The patient\u2019s hospitalization course was complicated by his aggressive and advanced condition, which led to his death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the patient\u2019s condition initially improved with the recommended antibiotic regimens, it led to death owing to the patient\u2019s advanced condition. Early detection of nocardial infection in patients with typical or atypical immunosuppressive conditions may improve overall mortality and morbidity. Liver cirrhosis disrupts cell-mediated immunity and may increase the risk of Nocardia infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08421-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T17:01:33Z","timestamp":1688230893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rewaa","family":"Alqurashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Alobida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Albathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moneera","family":"Aldraihem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006","volume":"19","author":"BA Brown-Elliott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ. Clinical microbiology reviews. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(2):259\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"8421_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-9193-9","volume":"38","author":"J Ambrosioni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ambrosioni J, Lew D, Garbino J. Nocardiosis: updated clinical review and experience at a tertiary center. Infection. 2010;38(2):89\u201397.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"12","key":"8421_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1086\/657399","volume":"51","author":"KB Uhde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uhde KB, Pathak S, McCullum I Jr, Jannat-Khah DP, Shadomy SV, Dykewicz CA, Clark TA, Smith TL, Brown JM. Antimicrobial-resistant nocardia isolates, United States, 1995\u20132004. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(12):1445\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/657399. Epub 2010 Nov 8 PMID: 21058914.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"8421_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590239","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.590239","volume":"20","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Barricarte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Barricarte R. Isolated nocardiosis, an unrecognized primary immunodeficiency? Front Immunol. 2020;20(11):590239.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8421_CR5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nocardiosis: risk of infection. 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nocardiosis\/infection\/index.html. Accessed 11 Oct 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"8421_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.05.029","volume":"85","author":"S Soueges","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soueges S, Bouiller K, Botelho-Nevers E, Gagneux-Brunon A, Chirouze C, Rodriguez-Nava V, Dumitrescu O, Triffault-Fillit C, Conrad A, Lebeaux D, Hodille E. 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Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012;13(3):163\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2011.012. Epub 2012 May 21 PMCID: PMC3375863.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"8421_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199410000-00007","volume":"35","author":"AN Mamelak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mamelak AN, Obana WG, Flaherty JF, Rosenblum ML. Nocardial brain abscess: treatment strategies and factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:622\u201331.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"8421_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0413-2","volume":"27","author":"G Hansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen G, Swanzy S, Gupta R, Cookson B, Limaye AP. In vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates of Nocardia identified by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27(2):115\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K196","volume":"41","author":"TZ Jodlowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jodlowski TZ, Melnychuk I, Conry J. Linezolid for the treatment of Nocardia spp. infections. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:1694\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"8421_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181afa1c8","volume":"88","author":"MV Minero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Minero MV, Marin M, Cercenado E, Rabad\u00e1n PM, Bouza E, Mu\u00f1oz P. Nocardiosis at the turn of the century. Medicine. 2009;88:250\u201361.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"8421_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000141100.30871.39","volume":"83","author":"ER Lederman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lederman ER, Crum NF. 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