{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:04:57Z","timestamp":1779329097690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515012276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academician Shusen Lanjuan Talent Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In immunocompromised populations, such as patients with AIDS and recipients of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants, BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can reactivate and cause several diseases, which can lead to death in their severe forms. Unlike hemorrhagic cystitis and BKPyV-associated nephropathy, BKPyV-associated pneumonia is rare, with only seven known cases worldwide. However, the disease can rapidly progress with extremely high mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Herein, we report two cases of BKPyV-associated pneumonia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both patients had consistent infectious pneumonia and graft-versus-host disease after stem cell transplantation. The diagnosis of BKPyV-associated pneumonia was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction after the sudden worsening of the pulmonary infection signs and symptoms concomitant\u00a0with renal dysfunction and systemic immune weakening. Both patients eventually died of systemic multi-organ failure caused by severe pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Currently, BKPyV reactivation cannot be effectively prevented. Immunocompromised patients must actively manage their primary lung infections, pay close attention to pulmonary signs and imaging changes. Especially during and after steroid pulse therapy or immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host diseases, BKPyV load in blood\/urine needs to be regularly measured, and the immunosuppressive intensity should be adjusted properly after the BKPyV reactivation diagnosis. Clinical trials of new antiviral drugs and therapies for BKPyV are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08577-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:02:20Z","timestamp":1694422940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fatal BK polyomavirus-associated pneumonia: report of two cases with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renfei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7712","key":"8577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91776-4","volume":"1","author":"SD Gardner","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gardner SD, Field AM, Coleman DV, Hulme B. 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Written informed consent to participate was provided by immediate family members of the patients involved in our study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and clinical images was obtained from the immediate relative of the patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"592"}}