{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:08:18Z","timestamp":1774570098426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness of seven major interventions [Bulevirtide (BLV), Interferon (IFN), Nucleoside analogs (NAs), BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN, BLV\u2009+\u2009NAs, IFN\u2009+\u2009NAs, and Placebo] to treat chronic hepatitis D.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We followed PRISMA-NMA guidelines, searched databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web Of Science) for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and applied STATA17.0 software to execute the meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 14 randomized controlled trials (814 patients) comparing seven different interventions. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that: \u2460 Sustained virological response (after 24\u00a0weeks of follow-up): Four intervention groups (BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN, IFN alone, IFN\u2009+\u2009NAs, and NAs alone) were effective (relative risk (RR)\u2009=\u200913.30, 95% confidence interval (Cl) [1.68,105.32], RR\u2009=\u200912.13, 95% Cl [1.46,101.04], RR\u2009=\u20095.05, 95% Cl [1.68,15.19], RR\u2009=\u20095.03, 95% Cl [1.66,15.20]), with no statistically significant differences between the four groups. The top three in probability rankings were: BLV\u2009+\u2009NAs, BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN, and BLV alone (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA)\u2009=\u200986.8%, 80.3%, and 48.4%; \u2461 Sustained biochemical response (after 24\u00a0weeks of follow-up): BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN and IFN were superior to BLV (RR\u2009=\u200914.71, 95% Cl [1.14,189.07], RR\u2009=\u200916.67, 95% Cl [1.39,199.52]). The top three were BLV alone, BLV\u2009+\u2009NAs, and BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN (SUCRA\u2009=\u200986.9%,81.2%, and 64.3%). \u2462 Histological response: NAs were superior to BLV (RR\u2009=\u20092.08, 95% Cl [1.10,3.93]), whereas the difference between other treatment regimens was not statistically significant, and the top three in the probability ranking were BLV alone, BLV\u2009+\u2009NAs, and BLV\u2009+\u2009IFN (SUCRA\u2009=\u200975.6%, 75.6%, and 61.8%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IFN, IFN\u2009+\u2009BLV, and IFN\u2009+\u2009NAs were effective in clearing HDV RNA and normalizing alanine aminotransferase levels; however, IFN and IFN\u2009+\u2009NAs had a high rate of viral relapse at 24\u00a0weeks post-treatment follow-up. There was no additional benefit of adding NAs to IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis D; however, the combination of IFN\u2009+\u2009BLV significantly improved short-term HDV RNA clearance, which showed strong synergistic effects. The seven regimens included in the study did not contribute significantly to liver histological improvement. Therefore, the IFN\u2009+\u2009BLV combination has the most potential as a treatment option to improve the long-term prognosis or even cure chronic hepatitis D.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic evaluation and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number: CRD42022314544.)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T17:02:07Z","timestamp":1698253327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of seven interventions for chronic hepatitis D: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yangdan","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuegui","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.12.997","volume":"18","author":"M Rizzetto","year":"1977","unstructured":"Rizzetto M, Canese MG, Aric\u00f2 S, Crivelli O, Trepo C, Bonino F, Verme G. Immunofluorescence detection of new antigen-antibody system (delta\/anti-delta) associated to hepatitis B virus in liver and in serum of HBsAg carriers. Gut. 1977;18(12):997\u20131003.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-4-437","volume":"98","author":"M Rizzetto","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rizzetto M, Verme G, Recchia S, Bonino F, Farci P, Aric\u00f2 S, Calzia R, Picciotto A, Colombo M, Popper H. Chronic hepatitis in carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, with intrahepatic expression of the delta antigen. An active and progressive disease unresponsive to immunosuppressive treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98(4):437\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9785","key":"8718_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61931-9","volume":"378","author":"SA Hughes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hughes SA, Wedemeyer H, Harrison PM. Hepatitis delta virus. Lancet. 2011;378(9785):73\u201385.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316601","volume":"68","author":"HY Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen HY, Shen DT, Ji DZ, Han PC, Zhang WM, Ma JF, Chen WS, Goyal H, Pan S, Xu HG. Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2019;68(3):512\u201321.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90404-9","volume":"101","author":"A Ottobrelli","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ottobrelli A, Marzano A, Smedile A, Recchia S, Salizzoni M, Cornu C, Lamy ME, Otte JB, De Hemptinne B, Geubel A, et al. Patterns of hepatitis delta virus reinfection and disease in liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 1991;101(6):1649\u201355.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.5.1164","volume":"166","author":"Y Ilan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ilan Y, Klein A, Taylor J, Tur-Kaspa R. Resistance of hepatitis delta virus replication to interferon-alpha treatment in transfected human cells. J Infect Dis. 1992;166(5):1164\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"8718_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2019.03.009","volume":"17","author":"N Mentha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mentha N, Cl\u00e9ment S, Negro F, Alfaiate D. A review on hepatitis D: from virology to new therapies. J Adv Res. 2019;17:3\u201315.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"8718_CR8","first-page":"CD006002","volume":"2011","author":"Z Abbas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abbas Z, Khan MA, Salih M, Jafri W. Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2011(12):CD006002.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.04993.x","volume":"35","author":"C Triantos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Triantos C, Kalafateli M, Nikolopoulou V, Burroughs A. Meta-analysis: antiviral treatment for hepatitis D. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(6):663\u201373.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912696","volume":"364","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wedemeyer H, Yurdaydin C, Dalekos GN, Erhardt A, Cakaloglu Y, Degertekin H, Gurel S, Zeuzem S, Zachou K, Bozkaya H, et al. Peginterferon plus adefovir versus either drug alone for hepatitis delta. New Engl J Med. 2011;364(4):322\u201331.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30663-7","volume":"19","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wedemeyer H, Yurdaydin C, Hardtke S, Caruntu FA, Curescu MG, Yalcin K, Akarca US, G\u00fcrel S, Zeuzem S, Erhardt A, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis D (HIDIT-II): a randomised, placebo controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(3):275\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26989","volume":"59","author":"J Guedj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guedj J, Yu J, Levi M, Li B, Kern S, Naoumov NV, Perelson AS. Modeling viral kinetics and treatment outcome during alisporivir interferon-free treatment in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 patients. Hepatology. 2014;59(5):1706\u201314.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"15","key":"8718_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01400-1","volume":"80","author":"C Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang C, Syed YY. Bulevirtide: first approval. Drugs. 2020;80(15):1601\u20135.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"8718_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","volume":"1","author":"H Yan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, He W, Jing Z, Gao Z, Huang Y, Qi Y, Peng B, Wang H, et al. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. Elife. 2012;1:e00049.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24758","volume":"55","author":"M L\u00fctgehetmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00fctgehetmann M, Mancke LV, Volz T, Helbig M, Allweiss L, Bornscheuer T, Pollok JM, Lohse AW, Petersen J, Urban S, et al. Humanized chimeric uPA mouse model for the study of hepatitis B and D virus interactions and preclinical drug evaluation. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD). 2012;55(3):685\u201394.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21112","volume":"43","author":"M Engelke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engelke M, Mills K, Seitz S, Simon P, Gripon P, Schn\u00f6lzer M, Urban S. Characterization of a hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus receptor binding site. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD). 2006;43(4):750\u201360.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"8718_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30224-1","volume":"68","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wedemeyer H, Bogomolov P, Blank A, Allweiss L, Dandri-Petersen M, Bremer B, Voronkova N, Sch\u00f6neweis K, Pathil A, Burhenne J. Final results of a multicenter, open-label phase 2b clinical trial to assess safety and efficacy of Myrcludex B in combination with Tenofovir in patients with chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection. J Hepatol. 2018;68:S3.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8718_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30651-6","volume":"73","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wedemeyer H, Sch\u00f6neweis K, Bogomolov PO, Chulanov V, Stepanova T, Viacheslav M, Allweiss L, Dandri M, Ciesek S, Dittmer U. 48 weeks of high dose (10 mg) bulevirtide as monotherapy or with peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection. J Hepatol. 2020;73:S52\u20133.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.024","volume":"73","author":"T Vanwolleghem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vanwolleghem T, Groothuismink ZMA, Kreefft K, Hung M, Novikov N, Boonstra A. Hepatitis B core-specific memory B cell responses associate with clinical parameters in patients with chronic HBV. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):52\u201361.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8718_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzetto M. Hepatitis D virus. In: RJ Wong, RG Gish, eds. Clinical Epidemiology of Chronic Liver Disease. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 135\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94355-8_11"},{"key":"8718_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd Edition. Chichester: Wiley; 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"8718_CR22","unstructured":"Ltd. H. Myrcludex B in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a versus peginterferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B with delta-agent. 2016. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT02888106."},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00936.x","volume":"15","author":"C Yurdaydin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yurdaydin C, Bozkaya H, Onder FO, Sent\u00fcrk H, Karaaslan H, Akdo\u011fan M, Cetinkaya H, Erden E, Erkan-Esin O, Yal\u00e7in K, et al. Treatment of chronic delta hepatitis with lamivudine vs lamivudine + interferon vs interferon. J Viral Hepatitis. 2008;15(4):314\u201321.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"8718_CR24","unstructured":"Ltd. H, Solutions DM. A multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical study to assess efficacy and safety of 3 doses of myrcludex B for 24 weeks in combination with tenofovir compared to tenofovir alone to suppress HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis D. 2016. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT03546621."},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR25","first-page":"S45","volume":"10","author":"Z Abbas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abbas Z, Memon MS, Umer MA, Abbas M, Shazi L. Co-treatment with pegylated interferon alfa 2a and entecavir for hepatitis D: a randomized trial. Hepatol Int. 2016;10(1):S45\u20136.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04082.x","volume":"21","author":"B Canbakan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Canbakan B, Senturk H, Tabak F, Akdogan M, Tahan V, Mert A, Sut N, Ozaras R, Midilli K, Ozbay G. Efficacy of interferon \u03b1-2b and lamivudine combination treatment in comparison to interferon \u03b1-2b alone in chronic delta hepatitis: a randomized trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia). 2006;21(4):657\u201363.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia)"},{"issue":"2","key":"8718_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401133300202","volume":"330","author":"P Farci","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farci P, Mandas A, Coiana A, Lai ME, Desmet V, Van Eyken P, Gibo Y, Caruso L, Scaccabarozzi S, Criscuolo D, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis D with interferon alfa-2a. New Engl J Med. 1994;330(2):88\u201394.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1995.tb00106.x","volume":"15","author":"JL Gaudin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gaudin JL, Faure P, Godinot H, Gerard F, Trepo C. The French experience of treatment of chronic type D hepatitis with a 12-month course of interferon alpha-2B. Results of a randomized controlled trial. Liver. 1995;15(1):45\u201352.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21296","volume":"44","author":"GA Niro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Niro GA, Ciancio A, Gaeta GB, Smedile A, Marrone A, Olivero A, Stanzione M, David E, Brancaccio G, Fontana R, et al. Pegylated interferon alpha-2b as monotherapy or in combination with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis delta. Hepatology. 2006;44(3):713\u201320.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(89)90143-8","volume":"9","author":"JC Porres","year":"1989","unstructured":"Porres JC, Carre\u00f1o V, Bartolom\u00e9 J, Moreno A, Galiana F, Quiroga JA. Treatment of chronic delta infection with recombinant human interferon alpha 2c at high doses. J Hepatol. 1989;9(3):338\u201344.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130608","volume":"13","author":"F Rosina","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rosina F, Pintus C, Meschievitz C, Rizzetto M. A randomized controlled trial of a 12-month course of recombinant human interferon-alpha in chronic delta (type D) hepatitis: a multicenter Italian study. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD). 1991;13(6):1052\u20136.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8718_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90184-S","volume":"11","author":"F Rosina","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rosina F, Pintus C, Rizzetto M. Long-term interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis D: a multicentre Italian study. J Hepatol. 1990;11(Suppl 1):S149\u2013150.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8718_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13366","volume":"27","author":"A Wranke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wranke A, Hardtke S, Heidrich B, Dalekos G, Yal\u00e7in K, Tabak F, G\u00fcrel S, \u00c7akalo\u011flu Y, Akarca US, Lammert F, et al. Ten-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial in chronic hepatitis delta. J Viral Hepatitis. 2020;27(12):1359\u201368.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.090","volume":"129","author":"D Glebe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glebe D, Urban S, Knoop EV, Cag N, Krass P, Gr\u00fcn S, Bulavaite A, Sasnauskas K, Gerlich WH. Mapping of the hepatitis B virus attachment site by use of infection-inhibiting preS1 lipopeptides and tupaia hepatocytes. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):234\u201345.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1613-1622.2005","volume":"79","author":"P Gripon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gripon P, Cannie I, Urban S. Efficient inhibition of hepatitis B virus infection by acylated peptides derived from the large viral surface protein. J Virol. 2005;79(3):1613\u201322.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.016","volume":"65","author":"P Bogomolov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bogomolov P, Alexandrov A, Voronkova N, Macievich M, Kokina K, Petrachenkova M, Lehr T, Lempp FA, Wedemeyer H, Haag M, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis D with the entry inhibitor myrcludex B: first results of a phase Ib\/IIa study. J Hepatol. 2016;65(3):490\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8718_CR37","first-page":"967","volume":"17","author":"S-M Alavian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alavian S-M, Tabatabaei SV, Behnava B, Rizzetto M. Standard and pegylated interferon therapy of HDV infection: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17(10):967\u201374.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"8718_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104995","volume":"185","author":"A Abdrakhman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdrakhman A, Ashimkhanova A, Almawi WY. Effectiveness of pegylated interferon monotherapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis D virus infection: a meta-analysis. Antiviral Res. 2021;185:104995.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27102","volume":"60","author":"B Heidrich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heidrich B, Yurdayd\u0131n C, Kaba\u00e7am G, Ratsch BA, Zachou K, Bremer B, Dalekos GN, Erhardt A, Tabak F, Yalcin K, et al. Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD). 2014;60(1):87\u201397.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T00:07:55Z","timestamp":1700352475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08718-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was a meta-analysis of published data. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate were deemed not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"726"}}