{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:52:15Z","timestamp":1777967535180,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe the genotypic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Isangi (\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Isangi) clinical isolates in South Africa from 2020 through 2021.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the years 2020 to 2021, the Centre for Enteric Diseases of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a national reference centre in South Africa for human infections resulting from enteric bacterial pathogens, investigated a total of 3549 clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina NextSeq Technology. WGS data was analyzed using Centre for Genomic Epidemiology-based tools and EnteroBase web-based platform. Genotypic relatedness and cluster analysis was investigated based on core-genome multilocus sequence typing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-nine isolates were confirmed to be\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Isangi, with most submitted from Gauteng Province (24\/49, 49%). The most prevalent sequence type was ST335 (48\/49, 98%), and the remaining 1 isolate was ST216. All ST335 isolates were genotypically multidrug-resistant (MDR), with resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; the ST216 isolate was resistant only to aminoglycosides. All ST335 isolates carried ESBL genes, the most common being\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Five clusters (consisting of isolates related within five allele differences) were detected, all being ST335.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Isangi isolates in South Africa are MDR and ESBL-positive. Ongoing monitoring of the epidemiology and AMR profile of this serovar is important for public health and treatment guidelines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T18:02:13Z","timestamp":1699898533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi from South Africa, 2020\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Asive","family":"Myataza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juno","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"8786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2","volume":"379","author":"NA Feasey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feasey NA, Dougan G, Kingsley RA, Heyderman RS, Gordon MA. Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Elsevier. 2012;379:2489\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2.","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"key":"8786_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.014","volume":"62","author":"U Govinden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Govinden U, Mocktar C, Moodley P, Sturm AW, Essack SY. Characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Salmonella spp. at a tertiary hospital in Durban, South Africa. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62:86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.014.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"8786_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4263-4270","volume":"48","author":"T Kruger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kruger T, Szabo D, Keddy KH, Deeley K, Marsh JW, Hujer AM, Bonomo RA, Paterson DL. Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella species producing TEM-63 or a novel TEM enzyme, TEM-131, in South Africa. Am Soc Microbiol. 2004;48:4263\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4263-4270.","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"8786_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241984","volume":"15","author":"SG Tekele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tekele SG, Teklu DS, Tullu KD, Birru SK, Legese MH. Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamases producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at international clinical laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241984. 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Molecular characterization of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolates from animals in Pennsylvania. Am Soc Microbiol. 2002;40:4679\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4679-4684.2002.","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol."},{"key":"8786_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.232397.117","volume":"28","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Alikhan N-F, Sergeant MJ, Luhmann N, Vaz C, Francisco AP, Carri\u00e7o JA, Achtman M. GrapeTree: visualization of core genomic relationships among 100,000 bacterial pathogens. Cold Spring Harb Lab Press. 2018;28:1395\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.232397.117.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Lab Press."},{"key":"8786_CR8","first-page":"1284","volume":"3","author":"K Bush","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bush K. The impact of \u03b2-lactamases on the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;3:1284\u201390.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs."},{"issue":"1","key":"8786_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","volume":"22","author":"S Shaikh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shaikh S, Fatima J, Shakil S, Rizvi SM, Kamal MA. Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015;22(1):90\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Aug 17. PMID: 25561890; PMCID: PMC4281622.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"8786_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00483","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","volume":"63","author":"M Feldgarden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feldgarden M, Brover V, Haft DH, Prasad AB, Slotta DJ, Tolstoy I, Tyson GH, Zhao S, Hsu CH, McDermott PF, Tadesse DA, Morales C, Simmons M, Tillman G, Wasilenko J, Folster JP, Klimke W. Validating the AMR finder tool and resistance gene database by using antimicrobial resistance genotype-phenotype correlations in a collection of isolates. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 2019;63(11):e00483\u2013e00419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00483-19. Erratum in: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Mar 24; 64(4): PMID: 31427293; PMCID: PMC6811410.","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"9","key":"8786_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01030-16","volume":"60","author":"PF McDermott","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDermott PF, Tyson GH, Kabera C, Chen Y, Li C, Folster JP, Ayers SL, Lam C, Tate HP, Zhao S. Whole-genome sequencing for detecting antimicrobial resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(9):5515\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01030-16. PMID: 27381390; PMCID: PMC4997858.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8786_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1520-9","volume":"19","author":"N Mensah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mensah N, Tang Y, Cawthraw S, AbuOun M, Fenner J, Thomson NR, Mather AE, Petrovska-Holmes L. Determining antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium through whole genome sequencing: a comparison against multiple phenotypic susceptibility testing methods. BMC Microbiol. 2019;19:148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-019-1520-9.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"8786_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00592","volume":"9","author":"S Neuert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neuert S, Nair S, Day MR, Doumith M, Ashton PM, Mellor KC, Jenkins C, Hopkins KL, Woodford N, de Pinna E, Godbole G, Dallman TJ. 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Interpretation of whole-genome sequencing for enteric disease surveillance and outbreak investigation. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019;16(7):504\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2650. Epub 2019 Jun 27. PMID: 31246502; PMCID: PMC6653782.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T18:02:25Z","timestamp":1699898545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08786-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3004116\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand (protocol reference number M1809107). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"791"}}