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This research offers a comprehensive meta-analysis of the global epidemiology of multi-drug resistant (MDR)\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis based on PRISMA checklist. Electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were reviewed using keywords related to\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and antibiotic resistance. Eligible studies were selected based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, data from these studies were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 375 retrieved articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were conducted from 2003 to 2023 and analyzed data from 19,787 clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The results showed different levels of resistance of\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      to different antibiotics: ampicillin (36%), azithromycin (15.3%), ceftriaxone (1.4%), etc. The global prevalence for beta-lactamases producing\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and MDR\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was measured 34.9% and 23.1%, respectively. The prevalence rate of MDR\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher in Asian countries (24.6%) compared to Western regions (15.7%). MDR\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      had the highest prevalence in meningitis cases (46.9%) and the lowest prevalence in acute otitis media (0.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of MDR\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been increasing worldwide, especially in Asian regions. This highlights the urgent need for monitoring and implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship programs globally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08930-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T06:02:18Z","timestamp":1705298538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["First global report about the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Haemophilus influenzae: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abavisani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Keikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Karbalaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01785-9","volume":"20","author":"P-Y Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su P-Y, Huang A-H, Lai C-H, Lin H-F, Lin T-M, Ho C-H. 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