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Infection is often misdiagnosed as malignancy, tuberculosis, or nocardiosis, therefore delaying the correct identification and treatment. Here we report a case of a 55-year-old immunocompetent adult with brain abscess caused by <jats:italic>A. turicensis<\/jats:italic>. A systematic review of <jats:italic>A. turicensis<\/jats:italic> infections was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov  and Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health (CADTH) were searched for all relevant literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Search identified 47 eligible records, for a total of 67 patients. <jats:italic>A. turicensis<\/jats:italic> infection was most frequently reported in the anogenital area (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), causing acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) including Fournier\u2019s gangrene (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), pulmonary infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), gynecological infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), cervicofacial district infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), intrabdominal or breast infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), urinary tract infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), vertebral column infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) central nervous system infections (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), endocarditis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Infections were mostly presenting as abscesses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936), with or without concomitant bacteremia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). Fever and local signs of inflammation were present in over 60% of the cases. Treatment usually involved surgical drainage followed by antibiotic therapy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200951). Antimicrobial treatments most frequently included amoxicillin (<jats:underline>+<\/jats:underline>clavulanate), ampicillin\/sulbactam, metronidazole or cephalosporins. Eighty-nine percent of the patients underwent a full recovery. Two fatal cases were reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, we hereby present the first case of a brain abscess caused by <jats:italic>A. turicensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>. Brain involvement by <jats:italic>A. turicensis<\/jats:italic> is rare and may result from hematogenous spread or by dissemination of a contiguous infection. The infection might be difficult to diagnose and therefore treatment may be delayed. Nevertheless, the pathogen is often readily treatable. Diagnosis of actinomycosis is challenging and requires prompt microbiological identification. Surgical excision and drainage and antibiotic treatment usually allow for full recovery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-08995-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T08:02:14Z","timestamp":1705737734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Brain abscess caused by Actinomyces turicensis in a non-immunocompromised adult patient: a case report and systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Imeneo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1233-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo Vittorio","family":"Rindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1772-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario Alessandro","family":"Cavasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Spalliera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Dauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-2416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Guerino","family":"Biasucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9199-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cartesio","family":"D\u2019Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Bossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Altieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6561-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Malagnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6938-8627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Iannetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Sarmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"8995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000241","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000241","volume":"3","author":"A Tabaksert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabaksert A, Kumar R, Raviprakash V, Srinivasan R. 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