{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:35:31Z","timestamp":1793500531691,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"]}]},{"name":"the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"]}]},{"name":"the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2023ZYZX1021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Autoantibodies against interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) can inhibit IFN-\u03b3-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 phosphorylation and thus increase the risk of infection with intracellular pathogens, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TM), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), and\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TB). Here, we report a rare case of triple infection caused by TM, NTM, and TB in a human immunodeficiency virus\u2013negative patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A middle-aged female was admitted to our hospital after experiencing recurrent rash, cough, and expectoration for 4\u00a0months. She was successively diagnosed with NTM, TM, and TB infections without conventional immunosuppression-associated factors. However, after effective anti-infective treatment, the patient was confirmed to have allergic conjunctivitis and was successfully treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The most conspicuous characteristics were recurrent infection and immune disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-titer anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies are strongly associated with severe and disseminated infections, such as NTM, TM, and TB. It is characterized by persistently high degree of inflammation and high immunoglobin levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09003-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:02:54Z","timestamp":1705042974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multiple intracellular pathogen infections with ocular pathologies associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingliang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"9003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111160.PMID:22913682;PMCID:PMC4190026","volume":"367","author":"SK Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne SK, Burbelo PD, Chetchotisakd P, Suputtamongkol Y, Kiertiburanakul S, Shaw PA, Kirk JL, Jutivorakool K, Zaman R, Ding L, Hsu AP, Patel SY, Olivier KN, Lulitanond V, Mootsikapun P, Anunnatsiri S, Angkasekwinai N, Sathapatayavongs B, Hsueh PR, Shieh CC, Brown MR, Thongnoppakhun W, Claypool R, Sampaio EP, Thepthai C, Waywa D, Dacombe C, Reizes Y, Zelazny AM, Saleeb P, Rosen LB, Mo A, Iadarola M, Holland SM. 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Documentation is available upon request. All identifying information has been removed from the manuscript and figures. Informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this case report in an online open-access publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this case report in an online open-access publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}