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Among these, <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. may have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. While previous research has established a link between infections and spontaneous miscarriage, our study aimed specifically to investigate the presence of these two pathogens in abortion samples from women who experienced spontaneous miscarriages in Iran. Our study can add to the existing knowledge by focusing on Iran, a region with a high prevalence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. As a result, it could provide a better understanding and unique insights into the relationship of these pathogens with spontaneous miscarriages in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From March 2021 to March 2022, a total of 728 abortion samples (including placenta and cotyledon) were collected from 409 women who had experienced spontaneous miscarriages in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and West Azerbaijan in Iran. The specimens included 467 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and 261 fresh frozen samples. After DNA extraction from abortion samples, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeted a specific fragment of the IS<jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic> and IS<jats:italic>711<\/jats:italic> elements for molecular identification of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., respectively. Furthermore, the qPCR assay employing specific primers for different species was used to determine the species of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among the studied women, 1 out of 409 (0.24%) samples tested positive for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., specifically <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>. There were no positive specimens for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study contributes to understanding the potential involvement of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> species in spontaneous infectious abortion within endemic regions. The identification of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> in this study highlights the need for further research in this area. However, while our results suggest a relatively low or zero identification of these pathogens in our sample population, this does not rule out the possibility of undetected infections. Therefore, it is critical to acknowledge the limitations of the molecular techniques used (qPCR), which may have potential limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, because 64.15% of our samples were FFPE, the sensitivity of the qPCR test may be reduced. These raise concerns about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates and the potential for false positives or negatives.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09041-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1707289347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular examination for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. infections in Iranian women experiencing spontaneous miscarriage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Baseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Omidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Latifian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Khademvatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Omidifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed javad Seyyed","family":"Tabaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasool","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Zeinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9041_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv041","volume":"22","author":"S Giakoumelou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giakoumelou S, Wheelhouse N, Cuschieri K, Entrican G, Howie SE, Horne AW. 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REC.1400.174). All methods and protocols were conducted following their guidelines and the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was received from every participant. In the case of participants under the age of 18, informed consent was obtained from their legal guardian(s) as well. The researchers ensured that the patients\u2019 identities were completely hidden.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"172"}}