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To raise the awareness and emphasize early diagnosis of muscular TB, we present a case of multiple tuberculous muscle abscesses in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) female, but without pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), in order to increase awareness of and stress the need of early detection of muscular TB.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 44-year-old woman with a 6-year history of SLE who had been treated with methylprednisolone for a long time complained of erythema on her trunk and extremities for five months, along with edema and myalgia for two months, and fever for one month. The patient was first misdiagnosed as SLE overlap dermatomyositis. However, an ultrasound-guided drainage of muscle abscesses revealed positive acid-fast staining combined with positive deoxyribonucleic acid fragment of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The patient was cured and released following standard anti-tuberculosis medication, local puncture drainage, and an intravitreal injection of streptomycin. Literature search found only 19 cases of tuberculous muscle abscesses occurring in the extremities reported from 1999 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Extrapulmonary TB with predominantly muscle involvement is rare and with no specific clinical presentation. Muscular tuberculosis may be disdiagnosed for dermatomyositis due to the high muscle enzyme levels, delaying diagnosis and treatment. mNGS technology is helpful in the early and rapid diagnosis of muscular TB. On the basis of traditional anti-tuberculosis treatment, an ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture drainage and intracavitary injection of streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculous muscle abscess is easy to operate, safe and effective, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09179-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1709571706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diagnosis of multiple tuberculous muscle abscesses in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus by metagenomic next-generation sequencing- a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Liu","family":"Wentao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Shuxia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Guoxing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Qiaoping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Peiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Angela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Meirong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Songchao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Peiying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9179_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359","volume":"4","author":"S Bagcchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bagcchi S. 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Written informed consent to participate in this case report has been obtained from our patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient to publish the information and images included in this case report in an online open access journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"284"}}