{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:44:02Z","timestamp":1788911042690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cases of mpox have been reported worldwide since May 2022. Limited knowledge exists regarding the long-term course of this disease. To assess sequelae in terms of scarring and quality of life (QoL) in mpox patients 4\u20136 months after initial infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prospective observational study on clinical characteristics and symptoms of patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed mpox, including both outpatients and inpatients. Follow-up visits were conducted at 4\u20136 months, assessing the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and sexual impairment, using a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-three patients, age range 19\u201364 years, 41 men (all identifying as MSM) and 2 women, were included. Upon diagnosis, skin or mucosal lesions were present in 93.0% of cases, with 73.3% reporting pain (median intensity: 8, Q1-Q3: 6\u201310). Anal involvement resulted in a significantly higher frequency of pain than genital lesions (RR: 3.60, 95%-CI: 1.48\u20138.74). Inpatient treatment due to pain, superinfection, abscess or other indications was required in 20 patients (46.5%). After 4\u20136 months, most patients did not have significant limitations, scars or pain. However, compared to patients without such complications, patients with superinfection or abscess during the acute phase had significantly more extensive scar formation (median PSAS: 24.0 vs. 11.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039) and experienced a significantly greater impairment of their QoL (median DLQI: 2.0 vs. 0.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036) and sexuality (median NRS: 5.0 vs. 0.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We observed a wide range of clinical mpox manifestations, with some patients experiencing significant pain and requiring hospitalization. After 4\u20136 months, most patients recovered without significant sequelae, but those with abscesses or superinfections during the initial infection experienced a significant reduction in QoL and sexuality. Adequate treatment, including antiseptic and antibiotic therapy during the acute phase, may help prevent such complications, and hence, improve long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T07:01:27Z","timestamp":1710486087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical spectrum and long-term outcomes of mpox: a cohort study spanning from acute infection to six-month follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Zeyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kinberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Kriedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Pf\u00e4fflin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinkus","family":"Tober-Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Max","family":"Corman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Nast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif Erik","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Niklas","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9191_CR1","first-page":"13","volume":"27","author":"Z Jezek","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jezek Z, Gromyko AI, Szczeniowski MV. Human monkeypox. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1983;27(1):13\u201328.","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"9191_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2022-23 Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak: Global Trends 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/mpx_global\/."},{"issue":"19","key":"9191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2208860","volume":"387","author":"A Gessain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gessain A, Nakoune E, Yazdanpanah Y, Monkeypox. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(19):1783\u201393.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9191_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. MPOX Fact Sheet 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/monkeypox."},{"issue":"2","key":"9191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","volume":"16","author":"EM Bunge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"9191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yon H, Shin H, Shin JI, Shin JU, Shin YH, Lee J et al. Clinical manifestations of human mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2023:e2446.","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2446"},{"key":"9191_CR7","unstructured":"STAKOB am Robert-Koch-Institut. Hinweise zur Therapie von Mpox\/Affenpocken 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Kommissionen\/Stakob\/Stellungnahmen\/Stellungnahme-Affenpocken.pdf?__blob=publicationFile."},{"issue":"8","key":"9191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002","volume":"40","author":"H Meyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meyer H, Perrichot M, Stemmler M, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, Varaine F, et al. Outbreaks of disease suspected of being due to human monkeypox virus infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2001. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(8):2919\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01896-7","volume":"51","author":"F Pfafflin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pfafflin F, Wendisch D, Scherer R, Jurgens L, Godzick-Njomgang G, Tranter E, et al. Monkeypox in-patients with severe anal pain. Infection. 2023;51(2):483\u20137.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"9191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16643","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216643","volume":"14","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, Tober-Lau P, Farztdinov V, Lemke O, Schwecke T, Steinbrecher S, et al. The human host response to monkeypox infection: a proteomic case series study. EMBO Mol Med. 2022;14(11):e16643.","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03244-6","volume":"32","author":"ME Carriere","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carriere ME, Mokkink LB, Tyack Z, Westerman MJ, Pijpe A, Pleat J, et al. Development of the patient scale of the patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 3.0: a qualitative study. 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Resurgence of Mpox - Provider Update: May 9, 2023 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.chicagohan.org\/alert-detail\/-\/alert-details\/46678186."}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T07:02:13Z","timestamp":1710486133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09191-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study upon which this analysis was based was approved by the leading ERC, the Ethikkommission Ethikausschuss am Campus Virchow-Klinikum at Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin (Berlin, Germany, reference number EA2\/139\/22). All procedures were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, revised in 2013. Patients in this study were required to give written informed consent before enrolment. All data were kept confidential and pseudonymized.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent to publication of their case details.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"317"}}