{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:55:29Z","timestamp":1780401329676,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Viruses are the leading etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. However, there is limited knowledge on drivers of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases involving viruses. We aimed to identify factors associated with severity and prolonged hospitalization of viral SARI among children\u2009&lt;\u20095 years in Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data were collected from four SARI sentinel surveillance sites during October 2016 through April 2019. A SARI case was a child\u2009&lt;\u20095 years with an acute respiratory infection with history of fever or measured fever\u2009\u2265\u200938\u00a0\u00b0C and cough with onset within the last ten days, requiring hospitalization. Very severe ARI cases required intensive care or had at least one danger sign. Oropharyngeal\/nasopharyngeal specimens were collected and analyzed by multiplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using FTD-33 Kit. For this analysis, we included only SARI cases with rRT-PCR positive test results for at least one respiratory virus. We used simple and multilevel logistic regression models to assess factors associated with very severe viral ARI and viral SARI with prolonged hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, 1159 viral SARI cases were included in the analysis after excluding exclusively bacterial SARI cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009273)very severe viral ARI cases were common among children living in urban areas (AdjOR\u2009=\u20091.3; 95% CI: 1.1\u20131.6), those\u2009&lt;\u20093 months old (AdjOR\u2009=\u20091.5; 95% CI: 1.1\u20132.3), and those coinfected with <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (AdjOR\u2009=\u20091.9; 95% CI: 1.2\u20132.2). Malnutrition (AdjOR\u2009=\u20092.2; 95% CI: 1.1\u20134.2), hospitalization during the rainy season (AdjOR\u2009=\u20091.71; 95% CI: 1.2\u20132.5), and infection with human CoronavirusOC43 (AdjOR\u2009=\u20093; 95% CI: 1.2-8) were significantly associated with prolonged length of hospital stay (&gt;\u20097 days).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Younger age, malnutrition, codetection of <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and illness during the rainy season were associated with very severe cases and prolonged hospitalization of SARI involving viruses in children under five years. These findings emphasize the need for preventive actions targeting these factors in young children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09219-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T11:02:03Z","timestamp":1710932523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predictors of severity and prolonged hospital stay of viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children under five years in Burkina Faso, 2016\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Abdoul Kader","family":"Ilboudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assana","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Milucky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9","family":"Tialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpha Oumar","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice W.","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kondombo Jean","family":"Charlemagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Potiandi Serge","family":"Diagbouga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndahwouh","family":"Talla-Nzussouo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrna D.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia G.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekiba","family":"Tarnagda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"9219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30481-4","volume":"17","author":"CG Whitney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whitney CG. 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The Ministry of Health implemented the sentinel surveillance and determined SARIs surveillance to be a public health program in accordance with the law No. 23\/94\/ADP on the public health code and the ARRET No. 2023-83\/MSHP\/CAB\/PM\/MSHP on the organization and responsibilities of diseases surveillance services of Burkina Faso []; therefore, for the national ethics committee (Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique pour la recherche en Sant\u00e9 au Burkina Faso), it did not required ethics approval. However informed oral consent to participate in the study was obtained from children\u2019s parent and\/or their legal guardians. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations following the Helsinki recommendations [].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"331"}}