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It is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects people with compromised immune systems. It coul<jats:underline>d<\/jats:underline> invade human body through respiratory tract or skin wounds, cause local infection, and affect other organs via hematogenous dissemination. However, <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>-caused bacteremia is uncommon. In this study, we report a case of bacteremia caused by <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic> in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An 80-year-old woman was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital with recurrent fever, right abdominal pain for one and a half month, and right adrenal gland occupation. <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic> was identified as the causative pathogen using blood culture and plasma metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The clinical considerations included bacteremia and adrenal gland abscess caused by <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> infection. As the patient was allergic to sulfanilamide, imipenem\/cilastatin and linezolid were empirically administered. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died less than a month after the initiation of anti-infection treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic> bacteremia is rare and its clinical manifestations are not specific. Its diagnosis depends on etiological examination, which can be confirmed using techniques such as Sanger sequencing and mNGS. In this report, we have reviewed cases of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> bloodstream infection reported in the past decade, hoping to improve clinicians\u2019 understanding of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> bloodstream infection and help in its early diagnosis and timely treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09230-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:02:13Z","timestamp":1712584933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bacteremia caused by Nocardia farcinica: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Ting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"9230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195512292532601","volume":"253","author":"LA Weed","year":"1955","unstructured":"Weed LA, Andersen HA, Good CA, Baggenstoss AH. 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